The Report of The Constitution Project’s Task Force on Detainee Treatment

Description

Detention at Guantánamo
Afghanistan
Iraq The Legal Process of the Federal Government After
September 11
Rendition and the “Black Sites”
The Role of Medical Professionals in Detention and
Interrogation Operations
True and False Confessions: The Efficacy of Torture and Brutal Interrogations
Effects and Consequences of U.S. Policies
Recidivism
The Obama Administration
The Role of Congress

Sujets

• Jaill
• Detention (imprisonment)
• Obama

Informations

• Publié par: Fil_actu
• Publié le: 16 avril 2013
• Nombre de lectures: 146
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

Extrait

Detention at Guantánamo Afghanistan Iraq The
Legal Process of the Federal Government After
September 11 Rendition and the “Black Sites” The
Role of Medical Professionals in Detention and
Interrogation Operations True and False Confessions:
The Effcacy of Torture and Brutal Interrogations
Effects and Consequences of U.S. Policies Recidivism
The Obama Administration The Role of Congress
The Report of The Constitution Project’s Task Force on
Detainee
TreatmentThe Report of The Constitution Project’s Task Force on
Detainee Treatment© 2013 The Constitution Project.
All Rights Reserved.
Requests for permission to reproduce selections from this book should be mailed to:
th The Constitution Project, 1200 18 St. NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20036
The Constitution Project sponsors independent, bipartisan committees to address a variety of
important constitutional issues and to produce consensus reports and recommendations. The
views and conclusions expressed in these Constitution Project reports, statements, and other
material do not necessarily refect the views of members of its Board of Directors or Board of
Advisors.
ISBN: 978-0-9890608-0-6
Book design by Keane Design and Communications, Inc.Contents
Preface .........................................................................................................................I
Members of The Constitution Project’s Task Force on Detainee Treatment .......III
A Word on Reading This Report ...............................................................................IX
Statement of the Task Force .....................................................................................1
Findings and Recommendations ..............................................................................9
General Findings and Recommendations
Legal Findings and Rtions
Extraordinary Rendition Findings and Recommendations
Medical Findings and Recommendations
Consequences Findings and Recommendations
Recidivism Findings and Rtions
Obama Administration Findings and Recommendations
Chapter 1 - Detention at Guantánamo ...................................................................25
Profle: Albert Shimkus
Afghanistan: The Gateway to Guantánamo
Guantánamo as the Only Option
Evolution of the Interrogation Techniques
The Battle Within the Pentagon Over Interrogation Techniques
Habeas, Hunger Strikes & Suicides
Guantánamo Today
Profle: The International Committee of the Red Cross and the Role of Christophe Girod
Chapter 2 - Afghanistan ...........................................................................................57
The Fog of War?
The Early Setup
Afghanistan’s Road to Guantánamo
The Deaths of Detainees Mullah Habibullah and Dilawar at Bagram in December 2002
The Other Government Agency: The CIA and The Salt Pit
The Development of the Counterinsurgent Strategy (COIN)
The Future of Detention in Afghanistan and the U.S. Role
Chapter 3 - Iraq .........................................................................................................85
Special Forces and the CIA
The Battlefeld Interrogation Facility
Five Suspicious Deaths
The CIA’s and JSOC’s Response to Allegations of Abuse
The Regular Military
Rules of Engagement for Conventional Forces in Iraq
Abu Ghraib
Abuses by Conventional Forces Outside Abu Ghraib
Changes After Abu Ghraib
Accounts from Former Iraqi Detainees
Chapter 4 - The Legal Process of the Federal Government
After September 11 ................................................................................................119
Overview of the Legal Framework in the United States on September 11
The U.S. Constitution
The Constitution ProjectThe Geneva Conventions
The Convention Against Torture
The Torture Statute
The War Crimes Act
Other Statements of U.S. Legal Intent
The Initial Legal Response of the Federal Government after September 11
The Early Expansion of Executive Authority
The First Detainee Legal Considerations
Application of the Geneva Conventions to Al Qaeda and Taliban
Detainee Interrogation Policy is Established in the Absence of the Geneva Conventions
Legal Status and Legal Rights Afforded to Detainees
Rendition
Interrogation Techniques
Evolution of Legal Advice Governing Detainee Treatment
Jack Goldsmith III Replaces Jay Bybee
Acting Assistant Attorney General Daniel Levin
Bybee’s August 1, 2002, Memorandum to Gonzales is Replacedney General Steven G. Bradbury
Closing OLC Chapter of the Bush Presidency
Why the OLC Opinions Must Be Rejected
Chapter 5 - Rendition and the “Black Sites” ..................................................... 163
A Brief History of the Rendition Program
Expansion of the Program Post-September 11
Diplomatic Assurances
Applicable Law
International Cooperation
Public Recognition of the Extraordinary Rendition Program
The Black Sites
Afghanistan
Iraq
Thailand
Poland
Romania
Lithuania
Morocco
Kosovo
Djibouti
Somalia
Legal and Political Consequences of the Rendition Program
Chapter 6 - The Role of Medical Professionals in Detention
and Interrogation Operations ............................................................................ 203
Doctors’ and Psychologists’ Role in Treatment of Prisoners in CIA Custody
Learned Helplessness
The Interrogation of Abu Zubaydah
Refnements to the CIA Program by the Offce of Medical Services
High-Value Detainee Accounts and Red Cross Findings on the CIA Interrogation Program
The Guantánamo BSCTs
BSCTs in Iraq and Afghanistan
Medical Personnel and Abuse Reporting
Hunger Strikes
Hunger Strikes and Force-feeding at Guantánamo
Ideal Management of Hunger Strikes
Analysis of Ethical Obligations of Health Personnel Toward Detainees Undergoing Interrogation
The Constitution ProjectThe Ethical Obligations of Medical Professionals Toward Detainees
Separation of DOD and CIA Medical Personnel From Their Professional Ethical Obligations
Revisions to Professional Guidelines Regarding Participation in Abuse After September 11
Complaints Against Individual Practitioners
Chapter 7 - True and False Confessions: The Efficacy of Torture and
Brutal Interrogations ............................................................................................ 243
Assertions of Useful Information Obtained Through Coercion
The Death of Osama bin Laden
The Interrogation of Abu Zubaydah
The Library Tower Plot
The Danger of False Confessions
Effective Interrogation Without Torture
Chapter 8 - Effects and Consequences of U.S. Policies .................................. 267
Legal and Political Consequences of U.S. Detention Operations
International Legal Consequences
International Political Consequences: Libya Case Study
Operational Consequences for the U.S. Military
The Impact of Abuse on U.S. Personnel
T Torture on Collaboration with Allied Personnel
Impact on Detainees
Practical Issues Upon Release
Lasting Impact: Physical and Mental Consequences
Chapter 9 - Recidivism......................................................................................... 295
Department of Defense Data
Methodology / Criteria
Congressional Report
NGOs, the Academy, the Media
Chapter 10 - The Obama Administration ........................................................... 311
The First Year
Early Executive Orders
The Debate over the Uighurs
Disclosure of the Torture Memos, Nondisclosure of Abuse Photographs
Military Commissions, Civilian Courts, and Detention Without Trial
Detainee Transfers and Proxy Detention
Red Cross Access and “Separation” of Detainees
Secrecy and Accountability
Can It Happen Again?
Chapter 11 - The Role of Congress .................................................................... 337
Reaction to Post-September 11 Abuses
Historical Perspective
Memo in Support of Finding #1 ........................................................................... 347
Memo in Support of Finding #2 371
Endnotes ............................................................................................................... 403
Guide to Acronyms ............................................................................................... 545
Index ...................................................................................................................... 551
The Constitution ProjectThe Constitution ProjectPreface
The Constitution Project is a national watchdog group that advances bipartisan, consensus-
based solutions to some of most diffcult constitutional challenges of our time. For more than
15 years, we have developed a reputation for bringing together independent groups of policy
experts and legal practitioners from across the political and ideological spectrums to issue
reports and recommendations that safeguard our nation’s founding charter.
The Constitution Project’s blue-ribbon Task Force on Detainee Treatment follows this
successful model. It is made up of former high-ranking offcials with distinguished careers in
the judiciary, Congress, the diplomatic s