Effectiveness of urban wastewater treatment policies in selected countries : an EEA pilot study.

Agence Europeenne Pour L'Environnement

Description

Ce rapport analyse l'efficacité des politiques de traitement des eaux usées urbaines au Danemark, en France, aux Pays-Bas, en Espagne, en Estonie et en Pologne.
Copenhague. http://temis.documentation.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/document.xsp?id=Temis-0065978

Sujets

• Environnement
• Assainissement

Informations

• Publié par: temis-developpement-durable
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2005
• Nombre de lectures: 4
• Licence : En savoir +
  Paternité, pas d'utilisation commerciale, partage des conditions initiales à l'identique
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

EEA Report No 2/2005
Effectiveness of urban wastewater treatment
policies in selected countries: an EEA pilot study
ISSN 1725-9177EEA Report No 2/2005
Effectiveness of urban wastewater treatment
policies in selected countries: an EEA pilot studyCover design: EEA
Layout: Brandpunkt A/S
Legal notice
The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official opinions of the European
Commission or other institutions of the European Communities. Neither the European Environment
Agency nor any person or company acting on behalf of the Agency is responsible for the use that
may be made of the information contained in this report.
All rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage retrieval system, without the
permission in writing from the copyright holder. For rights of translation or reproduction please
contact EEA project manager Ove Caspersen (address information below).
Information about the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the
Europa server (http://europa.eu.int).
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2005
ISBN 92-9167-763-9
ISSN 1725-9177
© EEA, Copenhagen 2005
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Web: www.eea.eu.int
Enquiries: www.eea.eu.int/enquiriesContents 3
Contents
Acknowledgements ................................................................................................... 4
Executive summary 5
1. Setting the scene: the EEA and policy effectiveness evaluations .......................... 8
1.1 European clean water policies ...........................................................................8
1.2 Meeting information demands 8
1.3 EEA policy effectiveness evaluations ..................................................................9
1.4 The approach of this study ...............................................................................9
2. Methodological considerations 11
2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................11
2.2 Policy in focus ..............................................................................................11
2.3 Effects: outputs of urban wastewater treatment policy ....................................... 12
2.4 Effectiveness: outcomes of urban wastew ........................... 13
2.5 Explaining differences ....................................................................................15
2.6 Cost-effectiveness ........................................................................................17
Selected EU-15 Member States
3. Denmark ............................................................................................................ 18
3.1 Water quality situation ..................................................................................18
3.2 Wy policy objectives ........................................................................18
3.3 Institutional context ......................................................................................18
3.4 Policy Instruments 19
3.5 Observations on effectiveness 19
4. France ................................................................................................................ 20
4.1 Water quality situation 20
4.2 Wy policy objectives 20
4.3 Institutional context 21
4.4 Policy instruments ........................................................................................21
4.5 Observations on effectiveness 22
5. The Netherlands ................................................................................................ 23
5.1 Water quality situation ..................................................................................23
5.2 Wy policy objectives ........................................................................23
5.3 Institutional context 24
5.4 Policy instruments 24
5.5 Observations on effectiveness 25
6. Spain ................................................................................................................. 26
6.1 Water quality situation 26
6.2 Water quality policy objectives 26
6.3 Institutional context ......................................................................................27
6.4 Policy instruments ........................................................................................27
6.5 Observations on effectiveness 28
Selected new Member States
7. Estonia ............................................................................................................... 29
7.1 Water quality situation ..................................................................................29
7.2 Water quality policy objectives ........................................................................29
7.3 Institutional context 30
7.4 Policy instruments 30
7.5 Observations on effectiveness 31
8. Poland 32
8.1 Water quality situation 32
8.2 Wy policy objectives 32
8.3 Institutional context ......................................................................................33
8.4 Policy instruments ........................................................................................33
8.5 Observations on effectiveness 34
9. Comparative analysis ......................................................................................... 35
9.1 Introduction .................................................................................................35
9.2 Effects ........................................................................................................35
9.3 Effectiveness ................................................................................................38
9.4 Cost-effectiveness 41
10. Conclusions ....................................................................................................... 46
References .............................................................................................................. 48
Annex Some options for further work related to the effectiveness of urban
wastewater treatment policies .................................................................. 514 Effectiveness of urban wastewater treatment policies in selected countries: an EEA pilot study
Acknowledgements
This report has been prepared by Prof. Ponts et Chaussées, France; Prof. Hans.
Mikael Skou Andersen in cooperation with Bressers, University of Twente; Andreas
Dorte Lerche, Peter Kristensen and Carey Kraemer, Wenke Hansen and Eduard
Smith of the Danish National Environmental Interwies, Ecologic; Prof. Pieter Leroy,
Research Institute (NERI) under contract Radboud University Nijmegen; Prof. Juan
with the European Environment Agency. Martinez-Alier, Autonomous University
Lars Fogh Mortensen guided the of Barcelona and member of the EEA
preparation of the report as the EEA project Scientific Committee; Prof. Laszlo Somlyody,
manager. The report has been edited for Budapest University of Technology and
language by Peter Saunders (independent Economics and member of the EEA Scientific
consultant). Committee; and Ms. Kristina Veidemane,
Baltic Environmental Forum.
The report benefited from comments and
additional information received from the The comments and suggestions received
Member States covered: Denmark (from have been useful and complex. The best
Mogens Kaasgaard, Danish EPA); Estonia effort has been made to ensure that data
(from Karin Pachel, Estonian Environmental are accurate and to integrate information
Information Centre); France (from Annie received, but the analysis presented in this
Coutellier, IFEN); the Netherlands (from Jos report is the responsibility of the EEA.
Timmerman, RIZA, and Ton Bresser, RIVM);
Poland (from Lucyna Dygas-Cielkowska, Finally, comments and inputs from EEA
National Focal Point to the EEA); and Spain staff were beneficial throughout the project,
(from Maria Jesus Ibanez and J. Ruza, in particular from Ann Dom, Jane Feehan,
Ministry of Environment). David Gee, Jock Martin and Niels Thyssen,
and in its final phases also from Philippe
It also benefited from comments received Crouzet, Andrus Meiner and Louise
though the peer review process from: Prof. Rickard.
Bernard Barraqué, Ecole Nationale des Executive summary 5
Executive summary
Water pollution caused by wastewater national level in Spain and France, together
persists despite three decades of effort with large investment needs and bottlenecks
to clean up European surface waters and in financing, appear to be important
despite the requirements of the Urban Waste reasons for not implementing the directive
Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD). requirements