Alphabetic and Multiplicative Systems of Numeration

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Description

• expression écrite

Section 1.2 Alphabetic and Multiplicative Systems of Numeration Alphabetic Systems The second basic type of system of numeration developed was based on the written alphabet of the culture. Writing words with an alphabet, unlike the Egyptian pictograms, involved using a symbol for each phonetic sound. This allows the culture to write down a huge number of different words with just a few dozen symbols. The earliest written alphabet was that of the Phoenicia, dating from about the fifteenth century BCE.

• numerals letter value letter value letter value
• sticks as counting tools
• earliest written alphabet
• symbols
• letters
• numbers
• hindu
• arabic system
• letter
• system

Sujets

• People's Republic of China
• Letter
• Symbols
• Alphabet
• Arabic language
• Counting
• System
• Numbers

Informations

• Publié par: figas
• Nombre de lectures: 20
• Langue: English

Extrait

Oracle® Tuxedo
Programming an Oracle Tuxedo Application Using COBOL
11g Release 1 (11.1.1.1.0)
March 2010Oracle Tuxedo Programming an Oracle Tuxedo Application Using COBOL, 11g Release 1 (11.1.1.1.0)
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damages incurred due to your access to or use of third-party content, products, or services.Contents
1. Introduction to Oracle Tuxedo Programming
Oracle Tuxedo Distributed Application Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Communication Paradigms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Oracle Tuxedo Clients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Oracle Tuxedo Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Basic Server Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Servers as Requesters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Oracle Tuxedo API: ATMI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
2. Programming Environment
Updating the UBBCONFIG Configuration File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Setting Environment Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Defining Equivalent Data Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
Starting and Stopping the Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
3. Managing Typed Records
Overview of Typed Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Defining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Using a VIEW Typed Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Setting Environment Variables for a VIEW Typed Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Creating a View Description File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
Executing the VIEW Compiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Using an FML Typed Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
Programming an Oracle Tuxedo Application Using COBOL iiiSetting Environment Variables for an FML Typed Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
Creating a Field Table File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
Initializing a Typed Record. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16
Creating an FML Header File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19
Using an XML Typed Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
4. Writing Clients
Joining an Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Using Features of the TPINFDEF-REC Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Client Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Unsolicited Notification Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
System Access Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Resource Manager Association. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
Client Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
Leaving the Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
Building Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
See Also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Client Process Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
5. Writing Servers
Oracle Tuxedo System Controlling Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
System-supplied Server and Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
System-supplied Server: AUTHSVR( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
System-supplied Services: TPSVRINIT Routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Receiving Command-line Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Opening a Resource Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
System-supplied Services: TPSVRDONE Routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Guidelines for Writing Servers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
iv Programming an Oracle Tuxedo Application Using COBOLDefining a Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Terminating a Service Routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
Sending Replies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
Invalidating Descriptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
Forwarding Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26
Advertising and Unadvertising Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29
Advertising Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-30
Unadvertising Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-30
Example: Dynamic Advertising and Unadvertising of a Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-31
Building Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32
See Also. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34
6. Writing Request/