Leadership and Growth
304 pages
English

Leadership and Growth

YouScribe est heureux de vous offrir cette publication
304 pages
English
YouScribe est heureux de vous offrir cette publication

Description

▪ Does leadership affect economic growth and development?
▪ Is leadership an exogenous determinant or an endogenous outcome of growth and development processes? Can we differentiate between the two?
▪ Do leaders' decisions and actions vary in importance over various stages in the process, at least in successful cases?
▪ How important is choosing the right economic model?
▪ To what extent does leadership affect the explicit or implicit time horizons of policy choices?
▪ Is leadership an important determinant of inclusiveness in growth?
▪ In what ways do leaders build consensus or institutions to allow time for the economic plan to work?
▪ What challenges does economic success generate?
▪ How do successful leaders adapt to new problems such as income inequality and a rising middle class?
▪ Does the creation of new institutions play any role in solving these problems?
▪ Why do leaders often choose second best political economic compromises in economic development?
This book has been prepared for the Commission on Growth and Development to evaluate the state of knowledge on the relationship between leadership and economic growth. It does not pretend to provide all the answers, but does review the evidence, identify insights and offers examples of leaders making decisions and acting in ways that enhance economic growth. It examines a variety of topics including leaders' roles in: promoting national unity, building good solid institutions, choosing innovative and localized policies, and creating political consensus for long run policy implementation.
Written by prominent academics and actual policy makers, Leadership and Growth seeks to create a better understanding of the role of leadership in growth and to encourage further studies of the role of leadership in economic growth.

Informations

Publié par
Publié le 04 janvier 2010
Nombre de lectures 29
EAN13 9780821381014
Langue English
Poids de l'ouvrage 1 Mo

Extrait

Brady, Spence
Leadership and Growth
Does leadership affect economic growth and development? Commission
Is leadership an exogenous determinant or an endogenous on Growth and
Development outcome of growth and development processes? Can we differen-
tiate between the two? Montek Singh Ahluwalia
Do leaders’ decisions and actions vary in importance over various Edmar Bacha
stages in the process, at least in successful cases? Dr. Boediono
Lord John Browne How important is choosing the right economic model?
Kemal Dervis ¸ To what extent does leadership affect the explicit or implicit time
Alejandro Foxleyhorizons of policy choices?
Goh Chok Tong Is leadership an important determinant of inclusiveness in growth?
Han Duck-soo In what ways do leaders build consensus or institutions to allow
Danuta Hübner
time for the economic plan to work?
Carin Jämtin
What challenges does economic success generate?
Pedro-Pablo Kuczynski
How do successful leaders adapt to new problems such as income
Danny Leipziger, Vice Chair
inequality and a rising middle class? Trevor Manuel
Does the creation of new institutions play any role in solving these Mahmoud Mohieldin
problems? Ngozi N. Okonjo-Iweala
Why do leaders often choose second-best political economic com- Robert Rubin
promises in economic development? Robert Solow
Michael Spence, Chair
This book has been prepared for the Commission on Growth and
Sir K. Dwight Venner
Development to evaluate the state of knowledge on the relationship
Hiroshi Watanabe
between leadership and economic growth. It does not pretend to pro- Ernesto Zedillo
vide all the answers, but it does review the evidence as well as identify Zhou Xiaochuan
insights and offer examples of leaders making decisions and acting in
Roberto Zagha (Secretary)
ways that enhance economic growth. It examines a variety of topics
including leaders’ roles in promoting national unity, building good solid The mandate of the
institutions, choosing innovative and localized policies, and creating Commission on Growth
political consensus for long-run policy implementation. and Development is to
Written by prominent academics and policy makers, Leadership gather the best understanding
and Growth seeks to create a better understanding—and encourage there is about the policies
further studies—of the role of leadership in economic growth. and strategies that underlie
rapid economic growth and
poverty reduction.
The Commission’s audience
is the leaders of developing
countries. The Commission is
supported by the governments
of Australia, Sweden, the
Netherlands, and the United Leadership and GrowthKingdom, The William and
Flora Hewlett Foundation,
and The World Bank Group.
David Brady
ISBN 978-0-8213-8100-7
Michael Spence
Editors
www.growthcommission.org
contactinfo@growthcommission.org SKU 18100Leadership and Growth
Commission on Growth and DevelopmentLeadership and Growth
Edited by David Brady and Michael Spence
Contributions by
David Brady
Michael Spence
Daron Acemoglu
Sadiq Ahmed
Fernando Henrique Cardoso
Alvin Eng
Eduardo Graeff
Milton A. Iyoha
Sandeep Mahajan
Wahiduddin Mahmud
Benjamin William Mkapa
Edward Robinson
James Robinson
Thomas Rusuhuzwa Kigabo
Tan Yin Ying
COMMISSION ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT© 2010 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development /
The World Bank
On behalf of the Commission on Growth and Development
1818 H Street NW
Washington, DC 20433
Telephone: 202-473-1000
Internet: www.worldbank.org
www.growthcommission.org
E-mail: info@worldbank.org
contactinfo@growthcommission.org
All rights reserved
1 2 3 4 12 11 10 09
This volume is a product of the Commission on Growth and Development,
which is sponsored by the following organizations:
Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID)
Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA)
U.K. Department for International Development (DFID)
The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
The World Bank Group
The fi ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein do not
necessarily refl ect the views of the sponsoring organizations or the govern-
ments they represent.
The sponsoring organizations do not guarantee the accuracy of the data
included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other
information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on
the part of the sponsoring organizations concerning the legal status of any
territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
All queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be
addressed to the Offi ce of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street
NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2422; e-mail: pubrights@
worldbank.org.
ISBN: 978-0-8213-8100-7
eISBN: 978-0-8213-8101-4
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8100-7
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Leadership and growth / edited by David Brady and Michael Spence.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8213-8100-7 —ISBN 978-0-8213-8101-4 (electronic)
1. Leadership—Developing countries. 2. Developing countries—
Economic policy. 3. Economic development--Developing countries.
I. Brady, David W., 1940 II. Spence, Michael.
HD57.7.L43143 2009
303.3'4091724--dc22
2009030393
Cover design: Naylor DesignContents
Preface ix
Workshop Participants xix
About the Editors and Contributors xxi
Acknowledgments xxv
Abbreviations xxvii
1 Leadership and Politics:
A Perspective from the Commission on
Growth and Development 1
David Brady and Michael Spence
2 Leadership for Growth, Development, and Poverty
Reduction: An African Viewpoint and Experience 19
Benjamin William Mkapa
3 Leadership, Policy Making, Quality of Economic
Policies, and Their Inclusiveness:
The Case of Rwanda 81
Thomas Rusuhuzwa Kigabo
Contents v4 Perspectives on Growth:
A Political-Economy Framework—
Lessons from the Singapore Experience 99
Tan Yin Ying, Alvin Eng, and Edward Robinson
5 The Role of Institutions in Growth
and Development 135
Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson
6 Leadership, Policy Making, and Economic
Growth in African Countries:
The Case of Nigeria 165
Milton A. Iyoha
7 Political Leadership and Economic Reform:
The Brazilian Experience in the Context
of Latin America 195
Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Eduardo Graeff
8 Economic Reforms, Growth, and Governance:
The Political Economy Aspects
of Bangladesh’s Development Surprise 227
Wahiduddin Mahmud, Sadiq Ahmed, and Sandeep Mahajan
Index 255
Boxes
2.1. Issues on Education Raised by Nyerere at the UN in 1956 29
2.2. Terms of Reference to the Presidential Commission
for the Establishment of a One-Party Political System 41
2.3. Locked Out of Prosperity 60
2.4. The Investment Climate Facility 61
2.5. Bribe Payers Index 69
2.6. Tax Havens Cause Poverty 70
Figures
2.1. Legal Status of Businesses and Property in Tanzania 58
2.2. Tanzanian Relevant Indicators in 2005 59
4.1a. Real per Capita GDP (1960–2000) 100
4.1b. Range of Real per Capita GDP (1960–2000) 100
4.2. Kernel Density Plot of Global Income Distribution
(in international dollars) 101
vi Contents4.3. Kernel Density Plot of Global Income Distribution
(relative to benchmark country) 102
4.4. Scatter Plot of Average Growth (YOY %),
1960–80 against 1981–2003 105
4.5. The Economic Growth Cycle 108
4.6. First Phase—Import Substitution and Merger
with Malaysia (1959–65) 111
4.7. Second Phase—From Import Substitution
to Export-Oriented Growth (1966–73) 113
4.8. Third Phase—Industrial Restructuring (1973–84) 114
4.9. Fourth Phase—Industrial Diversifi cation
and Consolidation (1985–97) 116
4.10. Fifth Phase—Toward a Knowledge-Based Economy
(1998 to present) 117
5.1. The Determinants of Institutions 142
6.1. Real GDP per Capita, 1960–2000 171
6.2. Investment as a Share of GDP 173
Tables
1.1. 13 Success Stories of Sustained, High Growth 3
3.1. Real Economic Growth by Sectors from 2004 to 2008 84
3.2. Rural Investment Facilities 93
3.3. Development of Professionally Qualifi ed Rwandan
Scientists and Engineers 95
4.1. Ten Growth Successes, 1960–2003 102
4.2. Ten Growth Laggards, 1960–2003 103
4.3. Average Growth (YOY %) over 1960–80 and 1981–2003 104
4.4. Categorization of Economies Based on Income Trajectories 106
4.5. Natural Endowments 119
4.6. Institutional Quality 120
4.7. Leadership Quality 120
4.8. Democracy and Political Rights 121
4.9. Social Consensus 122
4.10. Composite Scores 124
4.11. Composite Scores for Singapore on Framework Indicators 124
6.1. Executive Transitions 166
6.2. Regional Bias in Oil Revenue Allocation 167
6.3. Capital Flight, 1972–89 168
6.4. Per Capita Real Income and Its Growth Rate 171<

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