Présentée en vue de l'obtention du grade de

Berger Julia

Description

Niveau: Supérieur, Doctorat, Bac+8
THÈSE Présentée en vue de l'obtention du grade de DOCTEUR DE L'UNIVERSITÉ LOUIS PASTEUR Sciences de la Terre et de l'Univers Physique, Chimie et Biologie de l'Environnement par Julia Berger Hydratation des argiles gonflantes et influence des bactéries Etude expérimentale de réaction in situ Hydration of swelling clay and bacteria interaction An experimental in situ reaction study soutenue publiquement le 31 janvier 2008 Mme Faïza Bergaya DR CNRS, Orléans Rapporteur Externe Mme Françoise Elsass IR INRA, Versailles Examinateur Mme Marie-Claire Lett Professeur, ULP Strasbourg Rapporteur Interne Mr Frédéric Villieras DR, CNRS, Nancy Rapporteur Externe Mr Laurence N. Warr Professeur, Greifswald Directeur de thèse ECOLE ET OBSERVATOIRE DES SCIENCES DE LA TERRE CENTRE DE GEOCHIMIE DE LA SURFACE (UMR 7517)

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Sujets

• 4052 Crovisier
• École et observatoire des sciences de la Terre
• Louis Pasteur University
• Laurence
• Berger
• Tessier
• Strasbourg

Informations

• Publié par: profil-zyak-2012
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2008
• Nombre de lectures: 23
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

ECOLE ET OBSERVATOIRE DES SCIENCES DE LA TERRE

CENTRE DE GEOCHIMIE DE LA SURFACE (UMR 7517)


THÈSE

Présentée en vue de l’obtention du grade de

DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ LOUIS PASTEUR

Sciences de la Terre et de l’Univers

Physique, Chimie et Biologie de l’Environnement



par



Julia Berger






Hydratation des argiles gonflantes et influence des bactéries
Etude expérimentale de réaction in situ



Hydration of swelling clay and bacteria interaction
An experimental in situ reaction study





soutenue publiquement le 31 janvier 2008






Mme Faïza Bergaya DR CNRS, Orléans Rapporteur Externe
Mme Françoise Elsass IR INRA, Versailles Examinateur
Mme Marie-Claire Lett Professeur, ULP Strasbourg Rapporteur Interne
Mr Frédéric Villieras DR, CNRS, Nancy Rapporteur Externe
Mr Laurence N. Warr Professeur, Greifswald Directeur de thèse















































































Von der Mehrzahl der Werke bleiben nur die Zitate übrig,
warum nicht also von Anfang an nur die Zitate aufschreiben…?
(Stanislaw Jerzy Lec)
















































































Acknowledgements

This work was financed by a three years grant of the french ministery of research.

I`d like to thank my supervisor Laurence Warr, who brought me to Strasbourg and
proposed me to work on this fascinating project. His ideas were always creative and he
transmitted especially this creative scientific approach to me. Thank you for all support
especially at initial stages of the PhD project. I would like as well to thank Norbert Clauer
who helped enormously when I did the application for this grant. I would like to thank
François Gauthier-Lafaye for the welcome in the CGS and François Chabaux as director of
the ecole doctorale. Thanks as well to Daniel Tessier for the welcome in Versailles at the
TEM facility. A special Thank to Marie-Claire Lett and her team for having me invited to use
the facilities of the microbiology institute. Whenever I had questions or I needed other
support I felt welcomed. Here a special thank to Sandrine who was very patient with the
“non-frenchspeaking non-microbiologist”.
I`d like to thank all members of the Jury Faïza Bergaya, Françoise Elsass, Marie-
Claire-Lett and Frédéric Villieras for having accepted to judge the thesis, for compliments
and for constructive criticism.
A very special thanks to the Geoparticles Group that received me warmly and
although at the beginning my French was limited to “Bonjour” the communication was not
disturbed and increasing understanding followed. Here a special thank to Jean-Luc who was
extremely patient and who never got tired talking to me and later with me as soon as the
language improved (Collioure…). Thanks to everybody of the X-ray lab, Jean-Luc, Fabienne
and Amelie for the good working atmosphere and for having accepted the new ideas and
methods I tested. Introducing microbiological methods, introduced as well microbiological
smell (the finest Munster) and here a special thanks for your patience. Thanks as well to
Gilles who was doing the ESEM and SEM with me and who was willing to search a long time
until we had the first “Shewanella-smectite family” pictures. Thanks to Nico and Françoise
who helped me with the TEM-EDX in Versailles; their help contributed significantly to main
results of this thesis and working together was both effective and fun. Thanks to Joelle who
was always willing to help concerning both scientific and language questions. Thanks to
Mickaël and Valérie who share the experience of working at the interface of biology, geology
and chemistry and who helped with staining and imaging bacteria. Thanks to all (Ex)-
members of this dynamic and international group: Karim (Funkenmariechen from Morocco)
who has always a sunshine effect on everybody, Christian the Québecois, who reintroduced
the “coffebreak group feeling”, Pavlina from Czech Republic who is attracting somehow the
everyday-catastrophes more than me and became, not only because of that, a precious friend
to me. Mohammed from Algeria who always distributed optimism and who was the main
source of “dattes” for this group. Thanks to Rabia and Raja from Tunesia, Tania (adding
Italian temperament), Emna and Malika. Special thanks to the new group leader Jean-Louis
Crovisier who supported me and my project and was always willing to help.
Special thanks to Françoise who partly overtook scientific supervision and helped me
especially during the writing phase: working with her was relaxed and at the same time
extremely effective and I felt encouraged to defend my ideas. Thank you very much, you where
the right person at the right time. Here as well special thanks to Nico who was an important
discussion partner and who managed to criticize and to encourage at the same time. Both his
scientific and personal support was of prime importance for me and without him I could not
have finished the thesis.
Thanks as well to the Heidelbergers, especially to Margot and Christian who always gave a
warm welcome. Their help with analytics contributed significantly to main results of the thesis
and working with them was always a pleasure. Thanks as well to all the other (Ex)-
Heidelbergers, especially Bernd for still celebrating the walk to “Botanik”, Anja, the half
American who periodically became French and especially shared the initial stages of my
Strasbourg PhD experience, Heiko who never lost contact, whose Thesis was extremely
helpful for me and who supported me during the defence day. A big hello to Axel, Christian,
Seppl and Mirjam.
Thanks to all people of the CGS, especially Pavlina, Jérémie, Anne-Laure, Julien,
Delphine, Momo. A hello to the Czech connection especially Honza, Prokop, Pavla, Andrej,
Suzanna, Monica and Vladia and to the French connection Laurence, Michel, Majdi and all
other doctorate students. Thanks for the everyday help to Yves, Cathie, les Danielles, Betty,
Joëlle and thanks to Valérie and Erika for having partially or entirely read and corrected the
manuscript.
On a personal note, I want to thank those who give my life meaning: my husband, best
friend and scientific accomplice Nico, my family, especially my mother Regine and my sisters
Nicole, Jenny, Ilana and Janna who never understood what I´m doing but who were always
optimistic that it will lead to something and thanks to Marianne for continuous support.
Thanks to my father and my grandmother who did not survive the end of the thesis but
strongly supported me from their cloud.































Résumé
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

RESUME

Cette étude traite du comportement physico-chimique des argiles dioctaédriques
gonflantes (smectites) et de leurs interactions avec la solution aqueuse en présence et en
l'absence de la bactérie Shewanella putrefaciens. Les résultats expérimentaux sont présentés
pour des argiles compactées, hydratées en conditions de volume confiné, en utilisant un
nouveau type de cellule réactionnelle (la "wet-cell" décrite dans Warr & Hoffman, 2004)
conçue afin de réaliser des mesures de diffraction des rayons X (DRX) in-situ. En combinant
des mesures de suivi dans le temps de DRX in-situ avec les mesures gravimétriques et les
spectres de diffraction calculés à l'aide du logiciel CALCMIX (Plançon & Drits, 1999), la
dynamique d'incorporation et de stockage de l'eau a pu être quantifiée avec succès. Cet