Innovation Policy

The World Bank

Description

Innovation in all its forms, particularly technological innovation, has become a crucial driver of growth, enhancing competitiveness and increasing social well-being in all economies of the world. In a broad and diversified sense, innovation comprises not only the creation of new technology, but even more important, it includes the diffusion and use of products, processes, and practices that are new in a given country context. Inspired by the experiences of both industrial and developing countries, this book focuses on the needs and issues of the latter.
Aiming at creating a climate in which innovative initiatives can multiply and flourish, innovation policy, by its very nature, touches such diverse policy areas as education and training, skills development, science and research, the business environment, information and communication technology, and other infrastructure. Adopting this interdepartmental perspective, this guidebook presents, in detail, the actions required in such a varied set of policy areas that typically work in silos. It offers also insights on the implementation of innovation policies in the difficult contexts of low and medium income countries characterized by the resistance of innovation systems to significant improvements.
'Innovation Policy: A Guide for Developing Countries' is geared toward the policy-making community. This large group includes not only those who deal directly with technology, industry, science, and education but also those in charge of finance and economics. Indeed, it includes the top government leadership, which plays a crucial role in successful innovation policies.

Sujets

• Best practice
• Innovation
• International trade
• Knowledge economy
• License
• Éducation

Informations

• Publié par: world-bank-publications
• Publié le: 25 mai 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 42
• EAN13: 9780821382691
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Innovation Policy
A Guide for Developing CountriesInnovation PolicyInnovation Policy
A Guide for Developing
Countries2010 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
1818 H Street, NW
Washington, DC 20433
Telephone: [phone]
Internet: www.worldbank.org
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All rights reserved
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This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development / The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this
volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the
governments they represent.
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ISBN: 978-0-8213-8269-1
eISBN: 978-0-8213-8301-8
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8269-1
Cover images (clockwise from far left): © Monty Rakusen/cultura/Corbis; © E.O. Hoppé/Corbis;
© Tim Pannell/Corbis; © Juice Images/Corbis; © Tony Metaxas/Asia Images/Corbis; © Tim Pannell/
Corbis.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Innovation policy : a guide for developing countries.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8213-8269-1 — ISBN 978-0-8213-8301-8 (electronic)
1. Technological innovations—Developing countries. 2. Technology—Economic
aspects—Developing countries. I. World Bank.
HC79.T4I5472 2010
338'.064091724—dc22
2009054248Contents
Foreword xv
Preface xvii
Abbreviations xix
Overview 1
Why? The Innovation Imperative 1hat? The Government as a Gardener 2
How? A Pragmatic Agenda 3hat Is Innovation? 4
Policy Concept 5olicy Functions 11olicy Implementation 17
Conclusion 22
Notes 24
References 24
Introduction 25
Innovation, Did You Say? 25
What Is This Book About? 27
Part I Policy Concept 29
1 Why Promote Innovation? The Key to Economic,
Social, and Environmental Progress 31
Innovation and Societies: The Long-Term View 32
Technology and Economic Growth 38nnovation and Emerging Economies 43
Dissemination of Technology 46
New Global Perspectives 48
vvi Contents
Notes 50
References and Other Resources 51
2 How to Promote Innovation: Policy Principles 53
Take a Broad View of Innovation 54
Adopt a “Whole-of-Government” Approach 54
Create a Receptive and Mobilizing Environment 60
Put Efficient Institutions and Instruments in Place 65
Adapt to Societal Specificities 67
Policy Conclusions for Developing Countries 68
Notes 69
References 70
Part II Policy Functions 71
3 Supporting Innovators 73
Provision of Business Services 74
Entrepreneurship and New Innovating Firms 83
Finance for New and Innovative Firms 89
Bridging Institutions: Clusters and Networks 93
Conclusions 102
Notes 103
References and Other Resources 104
4 Improving the Regulatory Framework
for Innovation 107
International Trade and Investment Framework 108
Domestic Institutional and Regulatory Framework 116
Procurement Policies for Innovation 125
Conclusions 130
Notes 130
References and Other Resources 132
5 Strengthening the Research and Development
Base 135
Global Overview of R&D 135
R&D in Developing Countries 139
Public Sector R&D in Developing Countries 148rivate Sector R&D in DeveCountries 150
International R&D Cooperation and Research
Programs 157
Summary and Conclusions 159
Notes 160
References and Other Resources 161Contents vii
6 Fostering Innovation through Education
and Training 165
Skills for a Knowledge-Based and Inn