Development of orientation preference maps in ferret visual cortex [Elektronische Ressource] / Marcus Leinweber. Betreuer: Mark Hübener

Marcus Leinweber

Sujets

• Biologie

Informations

• Publié par: ludwig-maximilians-universitat_munchen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 32
• Langue: Deutsch
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 41 Mo

Extrait

Development of
orientation preference maps
in ferret visual cortex
Dissertation
zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors
der Naturwissenschaften
der Fakultät für Biologie der
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
vorgelegt von
Diplom-Biochemiker
Marcus Leinweber
14. Oktober 2010Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Mark Hübener
Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Benedikt Grothe
Promotionsgesuch eingereicht am: 14. Oktober 2010
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: 21. Dezember 2010Ehrenwörtliche Versicherung:
Ich versichere hiermit ehrenwörtlich, dass ich die Dissertation mit dem Titel „Development
of orientation preference maps in ferret visual cortex” selbständig und ohne unerlaubte
Beihilfe angefertigt habe. Ich habe mich dabei keiner anderen als der von mir ausdrücklich
bezeichneten Hilfen und Quellen bedient.
Erklärung:
Hiermit erkläre ich, dass ich mich nicht anderweitig einer Doktorprüfung ohne Erfolg
unterzogen habe. Die Dissertation wurde in ihrer jetzigen oder ähnlichen Form bei keiner
anderen Hochschule eingereicht und hat noch keinen sonstigen Prüfungszwecken gedient.
München, 14. Oktober 2010
Marcus LeinweberContents
List of Figures 5
Summary 7
Abbreviations 9
Introduction 11
1.1 Sensory processing in the visual system .................................. 11
1.2 Orientation selectivity in the primary visual cortex ............. 15
1.3 Spatial organization of orientation preference across
the cortical surface ..................................................................... 18
1.4 Development of orientation preference maps ........................ 22
1.4.1 Structural changes during the development of orientation
preference maps ............................................................................ 24
1.4.2 Molecular changes in neural circuits during the time of map
formation ...................................................................................... 25
1.4.3 Role of different types of neuronal activity during map emergence 25
1.5 The goal of this thesis ................................................................. 28
Materials and Methods 31
2.1 Materials ...................................................................................... 31
2.1.1 Drugs and Chemicals ..................................................................... 31
2.1.2 Surgical instruments and material ................................................. 32
2.1.3 Instrumentation ............................................................................ 34
2.1.4 Two-photon microscope ................................................................ 34
2.1.5 Electrophysiological equipment ..................................................... 35
2.1.6 Photorefraction ............................................................................. 36
2.1.7 Software ........................................................................................ 36Contents
2.2 Methods ....................................................................................... 37
2.2.1 Solutions 37
2.2.1.1 Artificial cerebral spinal fluid (ASCF) .............................................. 37
2.2.1.2 Dye buffer ................................................................................... 37
2.2.1.3 Infusion ...................................................................................... 37
2.2.1.4 Dye preparation ........................................................................... 38
2.2.2 Animal preparation and surgery .................................................... 38
2.2.3 Bolus loading ................................................................................. 41
2.2.4 Two-photon calcium imaging ......................................................... 42
2.2.5 Electrophysiology .......................................................................... 43
2.2.6 Visual stimulation ......................................................................... 43
2.2.7 Photorefraction ............................................................................. 44
2.2.8 Data analysis ................................................................................. 45
2.2.8.1 Pre-processing of imaging data ...................................................... 45
2.2.8.2 Determination of tuning properties ................................................ 46
2.2.8.3 Calculation of maps ...................................................................... 47
2.2.8.4 Analysis of fine scale functional organization................................... 48
2.2.8.5 Analysis of electrophysiological recordings ...................................... 50
2.2.8.6 Estimation of the modulation transfer function ............................... 51
Results 53
3.1 Calcium imaging at single cell resolution in ferret
visual cortex ................................................................................ 53
3.2 Confirmation of calcium imaging data with
extracellular recordings ............................................................. 59
3.3 Spontaneous activity in early ferret visual cortex .................. 61
3.4 Early development of orientation preference ......................... 65
3.4.1 Electrophysiological confirmation of early all-horizontal bias ........ 69
3.5 Development of orientation preference maps around
eye opening .................................................................................. 70
3.6 Fine scale analysis of the development of orientation
preference maps .......................................................................... 73
3.7 Control experiments .................................................................. 77
2
3.7.1 Neuronal origin of calcium transients ............................................ 77
3.7.2 Mapping retinotopy in ferret visual cortex ..................................... 79
3.7.3 Early horizontal bias is not caused by optical properties of
the ferret eye ................................................................................. 82
3.7.4 Electrical recordings in the lateral geniculate nucleus ..................... 84
Discussion 87
4.1 Two-photon calcium imaging .................................................... 88
4.2 All-horizontal bias in early orientation preference maps ..... 90
4.2.1 Role of eyes’ optics ......................................................................... 90
4.2.2 Impact of visual experience ............................................................ 91
4.2.3 Influence of spontaneous activity .................................................. 92
4.2.4 Biases in early axon ingrowth ........................................................ 93
4.3 Absence of random mixing of orientation preference
during development ................................................................... 94
4.3.1 Possible role of molecular factors ................................................... 94
4.3.2 Neuronal activity shapes orientation selectivity ............................. 95
4.4 Functional organization of orientation preference maps ..... 97
4.5 Perspectives for future research .............................................100
Bibliography 101
Acknowledgements 121
Curriculum vitae 123
3List of Figures
Figure 1-1: Anatomical and functional organization of early visual pathways
in the ferret. ................................................................................................. 14
Figure 1-2: Functional architecture of orientation preference maps and their
development. ................................................................................................ 21
Figure 1-3: Possible scenarios for the development of orientation preference
maps at single cell level. ............................................................................... 27
Figure 2-1: Trachea cannula for arti ficial ventilation attached to manifold. ............... 38
Figure 2-2: Head mount design and craniotomy. .......................................................... 39
Figure 2-3: Pressure injection of the calcium indicator Oregon Green BAPTA-1
AM under visual control. ............................................................................. 41
Figure 2-4: Measurement of the refractive power. ........................................................ 45
Figure 2-5: Representation of hue-luminance-saturation (HLS) coding-space
in three dimensions as a rectangular prism. .............................................. 49
Figure 3-1: Experimental setup for in vivo two-photon calcium imaging. ................... 54
Figure 3-2: Two-photon calcium imaging of orientation preference in mature
ferret primary visual cortex. ....................................................................... 56
Figure 3-3: Orientation preference and tuning in juvenile ferrets between P35
and P44. ........................................................................................................ 58
Figure 3-4: Orientation tuning of electrically recorded multi- and single-units. ........ 60
Figure 3-5: Spontaneous activity in early ferret visual cortex. ..................................... 63
Figure 3-6: Early orientation maps show a bias for horizontal orientation
preference. .....................................................................