From political alliance in China's conception to comprehensive partnership in building [Elektronische Ressource] : the relations between China and the European Community, European Union / Xiyu Chen

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• Publié par: eberhard_karls_universitat_tubingen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2003
• Nombre de lectures: 7
• Langue: English

Extrait

Xiyu Chen










From Political Alliance in China’s Conception to
Comprehensive Partnership in Building: the
Relations between China and the European
Community/European Union










Dissertation
zur
Erlangung des akademischen Grades
Doktor der Sozialwissenschaften
in der Fakultät
für Sozial- und Verhaltenswissenschaften
der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen



2003 Gedruckt mit Genehmigung der
Fakultät für Sozial- und Verhaltenswissenschaften
der Universität Tübingen











Hauptberichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Rudolf Hrbek

Mitberichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Andreas Boeckh

Dekan:

Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 21. Februar 2003


















(Veröffentlichung bei der Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen unter der
Adresse: http://www.uni-tuebingen.de/ub/elib/tobias.htm)
2Summary

The analysis of evolution of the relations between China and the EC/EU from the mid-1970s
to China’s accession to the WTO demonstrates that bilateral relations have undergone a
special development. The bilateral relationship was begun with China’s conception of making
political alliance with a ‘unified Europe’, shifted to the pursuit of actual economic benefits,
and further develops to the building of a comprehensive partnership. Despite the importance
of external constraints, the fundamental factors causing this development were the changing
domestic constraints in deepening interdependence. This development, in different periods
and in different domestic contexts, had different significances for each of the parties. But the
pursuit of economic benefits has always been the primary goal for both of them.
The needs to attain new domestic goals in the transition period brought about a new European
preference in China’s external relations. But developments in China have both provided
opportunities for and posed challenges to the EU. Economic interests define the EU’s policy
adjustments and policy-scope broadening, both as response to domestic demands and as
reactions to China’s policy practices in a deepening interdependence. The sole option to
promote and protect European interests in China is to encourage China’s further integration
into the world economy. The establishment of a WTO rule-based bilateral economic
relationship and new comprehensive partnership framework can ensure long-term mutual
interests and promote cooperation on some important international issues of shared interests.

3Zusammenfassung

Die Analyse der sich entfaltenden Beziehungen zwischen China und der EG/EU seit Mitte der
70er Jahre bis zu Chinas Beitritt zur WTO (Welthandelsorganisation) zeigt, dass die
bilateralen Beziehungen eine spezifische Entwicklung durchgemacht haben. Die bilaterale
Beziehung begann, als China das Konzept entwarf, eine politische Allianz mit einem
vereinten Europa einzugehen, sich dann änderte mit dem Ziel nach ökonomischen Nutzen und
sich dann weiter entwickelte zum Aufbau einer umfassenden Partnerschaft. Trotz der
Bedeutung der externen Beschränkungen, waren die fundamentalen Faktoren, die diese
Entwicklung verursachten die sich verändernden einheimischen Zwänge in der sich
intensivierenden Interdependenz. Diese Entwicklung in verschiedenen Perioden und in
verschiedenen häuslichen Zusammenhängen hatte unterschiedliche Bedeutungen für jeden der
beiden Partner. Aber das Streben nach ökonomischem Nutzen war immer das bedeutendste
Ziel für beide von ihnen.
Die Notwendigkeit, in der Übergangsphase neue häusliche Ziele zu erreichen, führte zu einer
Begünstigung der Europäer in Chinas Außenbeziehungen. Aber die Entwicklungen in China
haben sowohl günstige Gelegenheiten als auch Herausforderungen für die EU geschaffen.
Wirtschaftliche Interessen bestimmen die EU-Richtlinien und deren Ausweitung. Beides als
Antwort auf einheimische Nachfragen und Reaktionen auf Chinas politische Praxis in der sich
intensivieren gegenseitigen Abhängigkeit. Die einzige Option, die europäischen Interessen in
China zu fördern und zu schützen, besteht darin, China mehr in den Welthandel zu integrieren.
Der Aufbau einer gemeinsamen wirtschaftlichen Beziehung basierend auf den Regeln der
WTO und im Rahmen einer umfassenden Partnerschaft kann die langfristigen gegenseitigen
Interessen garantieren, und die Kooperation in einigen wichtigen internationalen
Angelegenheiten von gemeinsamem Interesse fördern.

4Acknowledgements

The completion of this dissertation has taken rather longer than first planned. It is impossible
to complete this study without help from many people. I owe a debt to them all, but particular
thanks are due to some of them.
Encouragement by Prof. Dr. Franz Knipping, I began the study of this subject; but the
dissertation is completed under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Rudolf Hrbek. I am especially
grateful to his guidance, help and patience. The attending of his lectures and seminars on
European integration helped to enrich my knowledge in this area.
Prof. Dr. Alfons Auer and his sister Senze Auer have given me parential concern. Thanks to
this I could continue my studies and complete this dissertation. The heartiest thanks go to Dr.
Margaret Marquart. She has always given me her encouragements and help as possible as she
can throughout my study in Germany. The generous financing by the family of Rut Birn and
the Stuttgart Stiftung-Gesellschaft was very supportive in the final phase of my studies. I
would like to thank for the two-year financial support of the Katholischer Akademischer
Ausländer-Dienst (KAAD).
Thanks also go to my friend Wei Liu. Despite a student of German literature, his highly
constructive advice and criticism were much helpful for improving the dissertation. Dr.
Robert Spenz corrected a lot of errors in the first manuscript. I am solely responsible for any
remaining errors.
Finally, this dissertation is dedicated to the memory of my parents.

Xiyu Chen

5Contents

Page

I Introduction 1

II Western Europe in China’s Foreign Relations
from the 1950s to the Early 1980s:
Secondary Enemy, Potential Ally or Economic Partner? 16
1 The relationship between the PRC and Western European
countries in the 1950s, a shift from deliberate aloofness from Western bloc
to confrontation with it 16
1.1 The establishment of special Sino-Soviet relationship and the formulation
of the foreign policy principles in the early period of the PRC 16
1.2 The transition from deliberate aloofness to military confrontation 17
1.3 Chinese efforts to repair its relations
with Western European countries in the mid-1950s 21
1.3.1 International and domestic contexts after the Korean War 21
1.3.2 Chinese diplomacy in the Geneva conference of 1954 23
1.4 China’s attitude towards and analysis
of the European integration in the 1950s 24
2 Policy making structure and process concerning policies towards
Western European countries in the Mao period 26
2.1 A survey of the evolution of decision-making structure
and process in the period from the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s 26
2.2 Power sharing and function assignment
between Mao and Zhou in the decision-making structure 28
3 Chinese policies towards the Western European
countries in the 1960s and the 1970s 32
3.1 The Chinese perception of Western Europe
in the late 1950s and in the 1960s 32
3.2 China’s foreign policy practices in the case of France in the 1960s 33
3.3 Chinese analysis of the European integration in the 1960s 35
63.4 Chinese conception of Western Europe in the 1970s 40
3.5 Western Europe in China’s policy operation in pursuing its
international strategy in the 1970s 43
3.6 Chinese image of European integration in the 1970s 45
4 The implication of China in the EC’s external relations: 49
economic partner rather than political ally
5 New foreign policy principle and new national interest preference 52
6 Conclusion 55

III Evolution of Chinese External Economic Policies:
From Mercantilism towards Liberalisation 58
1 The launching of economic reforms and Open Policy:
domestic and external settings 58
2 The building of a governing coalition and policy networks,
a general survey 61
2.1 The general tendency of external economic policy making 61
2.2 The functions of central administrative organisations
concerning China’s external economic relations 68