Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire - Année 1995 - Volume 45 - Numéro 1 - Pages 76-98On two «national days» commemorating deportations and persecutions during the «blackyears », Serge Barcellini. What was «the duty of memory» of deportations in France since 1945, and what has it become? A detailed study of the institution of two «national days», that of the National Deportation Day, in 1954, and that commemorating 16 July 1942, in 1993, reveals three stages - dilution in ge- neral memories until 1947, change to an autonomous historie phenomenon from 1947 to 1984, transformation into a vector of Human Rights ideology in 1992-1993 - of a history that has marked the shifts in the French republican identity model. 23 pages Source : Persée ; Ministère de la jeunesse, de l’éducation nationale et de la recherche, Direction de l’enseignement supérieur, Sous-direction des bibliothèques et de la documentation.