Taxonomic studies on members of thelotrematoid Ostropales (lichenized Ascomycota) in Australia [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Armin Mangold

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• Biologie

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• Publié par: universitat_duisburg-essen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2008
• Nombre de lectures: 34
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 53 Mo

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Taxonomic studies on
members of thelotrematoid Ostropales
(lichenized Ascomycota)
in Australia
Inaugural-Dissertation
zur
Erlangung des Doktorgrades
Dr. rer. nat.
des Fachbereichs
Biologie und Geografie
an der
Universität Duisburg-Essen
vorgelegt von
Armin Mangold
aus Stuttgart
Januar 2008Die der vorliegenden Arbeit zugrunde liegenden Experimente wurden am
Institut für Botanik der Universität Duisburg-Essen oder an einer anderen
gleichwertigen Einrichtung durchgeführt.
1. Gutachter: PD Dr. H. T. Lumbsch
2. Gutachter:Prof. Dr. F. Kauff
3. Gutachter:
Vorsitzender des Prüfungsausschusses: Prof. Dr. Sures
Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 13.08.2008ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3
I would like to acknowledge the help, support and interest of all friends, colleagues and institutions
during the last five years.
First of all, I wish to thank all the private collectors and herbaria for providing material for my project.
These were the herbaria ABL, B, BCRU, BG, BM, BP, BRI, C, CANB, COLO, DUKE, E, F, FH, G,
GLAM, GZU, H, HIRO, HO, L, M, MEL, MSU, NSW, NY, PERTH, RAMK, S, TNS, TUR, UPS,
US, WELT, WIS and the private herbarium of Klaus Kalb (Neumarkt, Germany), who is also thanked
for many helpful information. James C. Lendemer (Philadelphia) is not only thanked for providing
fresh material for the molecular analyses but also for the many stimulating discussions. My particular
appreciation for the support and hospitality during my visits go to the Wisconsin State Herbarium,
University of Wisconsin (Madison), Paula DePriest and her co-workers at the U.S. National
Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution (Washington DC) and, last but not least, to Ulrik Søchting and the
National Museum of Natural History of Denmark, University of Copenhagen. I am also particularly
indebted to Scott LaGreca, Lichen Curator at the Natural History Museum in London, for his
invaluable help and patience when requesting an almost endless amount of type material. The visited
National Parks of Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria and the administrative institutions of
these states are hereby thanked for permitting the collecting.
Barbara Emmerer (Graz), Andreas Frisch (Regensburg) and Gintaras Kantvilas (Hobart) are thanked
for the helpful information and comments throughout the project. The Royal Botanical Garden Madrid
and all associated workers, but especially María P. Martín, is cordially thanked for the hospitality and
the great help and support during my stay in Madrid. The molecular analyses in their final extent
would have been impossible without their encouragement. A special thanks goes to Jack Elix
(Canberra), not only for his ceaseless support and help during this project, but also for his kindhearted
hospitality and his company during our visit to Canberra, for his hints and suggestions regarding
collecting sites and for enabling two fruitful field trips in New South Wales.
I am also much obliged to the botany working group at the University Duisburg-Essen and for the very
instructive time I was able to spent there. Particularly Stefanie Kautz is furthermore thanked for her
help with the lab work and for her brilliant logistical superintendence of all transatlantic matters.
Most of all, however, I am indebted to the Field Museum in Chicago and all the people involved.
During the more than four years of my stay, this marvelous place has become a second home. Above
all, I am grateful towards my supervisor Thorsten Lumbsch, who was not only the initiator of this
project, but more so led to the migration into the New World. He was always a competent, reliable and
patient supporter of my efforts to become a lichenologist, and I appreciate his friendship and, amongst
others, the fact that he endured my driving abilities and my company in a tiny campervan in the
Australian wilderness for almost four weeks. A special thanks goes to my fellow combatants and
former roommates Imke Schmitt and Nora Wirtz for their excellent collegiality and friendship, but
also for the linguistic corrections of the manuscript. All staff of the Botany Department is sincerely
thanked, in particular Eimy Rivas Plata, who did a great job with a last minute photo session, and
Mike Dillon, who provided additional funding for an extension of the project.
Finally, I would like to thank my wonderful wife, co-fieldworker and image editor Anne Lass for her
love, tolerance, support, encouragement and help over all this years.
This study was financially supported by a grant of the Australian Biological Resources
Studies (ABRS), the curator start-up fund of Thorsten Lumbsch, a fund of the Botany
Department, the Women’s Board funding (the latter three all Field Museum, Chicago) and the
SYNTHESYS program of the European Union (ES-TAF).ABSTRACT 4
A taxonomic revision of the Australian members of trentepohlioid, ecolumellate
thelotremataceaen Graphidaceae (Ostropales, lichenized Ascomycota) is presented. This
species-rich group of crustose, predominantly tropical and subtropical lichens has been
neglected for a long time, and is still poorly known. Particularly the studies for Australia are
highly fragmentary.
Approximately 4000 specimens, including a total of c. 500 type specimens, herbaria
collections, and almost 1000 samples collected during two field trips, were examined
morphologically, anatomically, and chemically. A total of 103 species of 13 genera (including
one newly described genus) could be identified. 33 species are new records for Australia, and
20 species were described new to science. Of the currently listed 71 names of this group for
Australia, 50 are accepted as valid species. The remaining names and species, listed in an
appendix, proved to belong to other genera, be synonymous to other taxa or falsely identified
collections. 21 species (including species not known for Australia) are newly combined and
several new synonyms are proposed.
In the taxonomic part an introduction is provided, including a historical overview of the
development of generic concepts and delimitations within the treated group. This is followed
by a brief presentation of earlier taxonomic studies and collections of thelotrematoid lichens
in Australia. It also provides a general treatment of the climatic and biogeographical
conditions of the continent. Further, the main characters are described, including anatomical,
morphological and chemical features. The ecology and distribution of thelotrematoid lichens
are discussed. All treated species are described and illustrated, their distribution is mapped,
and a key for the identification provided. An overview of the distinguishing characters
between genera is presented in a table.
To illuminate the phylogenetic relationships within this group, three phylogentic analyses
were carried out using partial sequences of nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal DNA loci.
The first analysis employed a combined dataset of the mitochondrial SSU (mtSSU) and the
nuclear LSU (nuLSU) of 105 species of Ascomycetes. As a result, it could be shown that the
hitherto separted two families of Ostropales, Graphidaceae and Thelotremataceae, are not
monophyletic, but form several lineages within one strongly supported monophyletic group.
Consequently, Thelotremataceae is reduced to synonymy with Graphidaceae. The second and
third analyses were carried out using a single dataset of nuLSU and mtSSU sequences
respectively. In the nuLSU analysis 40 specimens of 38 species were included, in the mtSSU
analysis 50 specimens of 25 species were examined. These analyses showed that all genera of
thelotrematoid lichens included in the study are para- or polyphyletic, with the sole exception
of Diploschistes, and that the present generic concept within Graphidaceae needs revision.
The new genus Melanotopelia is introduced based on molecular and morphological evidence.TABLE OF CONTENTS 5
0. Deutschsprachige Zusammenfassung: Taxonomische Studien von Mitgliedern
der thelotrematoiden Ostroplaes (lichenisierte Ascomycota) in Australien ................ 9
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 13
2. Taxonomic part ............................................................................................................ 15
2. 1. Historical overview ............................................................................................... 15
2. 2. Taxonomic studies and collections of trentepholioid thelotremataceaen
Graphidaceae in Australia ..................................................................................... 16
2. 3. Geography of Australia ......................................................................................... 17
2. 4. Materials and Methods .......................................................................................... 19
2. 4. 1. Examined collections ...............................................................................19
2. 4. 2. Methods .................................................................................................. 20
2. 4. 3. Citations .................................................................................................. 20
2. 4. 4. Abbreviations 20
2. 5. Main characters of trentepholioid thelotremataceaen Graphidaceae ....................... 21
2. 5. 1. Thallus .......................................