The simultaneous presence and expression of human hepatitis C virus (HCV), human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in a single human T-cell

Salahuddin, Snyder, Godwin Andre, Grewal Renu, Prichard, Kelley, Revie, Revie Dennis

Description

We have developed a system that isolates and replicates HCV in vitro . These isolates are called CIMM-HCV. This system has made it possible to analyze the biology, nature, and extent of HCV variability, among other things. Individuals that are infected with HIV-1 are often also infected with HCV and HHV-6. In addition to HCV, our lab has systems for replicating HIV-1 and HHV-6. We asked whether all these viruses could infect the same cells. We report here the successful infection of a T-cell (CEM) by CIMM-HCV, HHV-6, and HIV-1. PCR analyses demonstrated that the CEM cells were productively infected by HHV-6A. RT-PCR showed that the same cell culture was positive for HCV and HIV-1. Co-infection of a T-cell by all three viruses was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). All these viruses are highly cytolytic; therefore, triply-infected cells were short lived. However, HIV-1 and HCV co-infected cells unexpectedly lasted for several weeks. Viral replication was unhindered and the phenomenon of 'dominance' was not observed in our experiments. In addition, CIMM-HCV was present in the perinuclear space, suggesting their possible synthesis in the nucleus. This report is based entirely on viruses produced in vitro in our laboratories. As part of the determinations of host ranges of these viruses, studies were designed to demonstrate the infection of a single cell by these viruses and to study the consequences of this phenomenon. All measurements were made on cultured cells and cell culture supernatants.

Informations

• Publié par: biomed
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2007
• Nombre de lectures: 6
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Virology Journal

BioMedCentral

Open Access Research The simultaneous presence and expression of human hepatitis C virus (HCV), human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in a single human T-cell 1 1,2 2 1 S Zaki Salahuddin* , Katherine A Snyder , Andre Godwin , Renu Grewal , 3 4 2 John G Prichard , Ann S Kelley and Dennis Revie

1 2 Address: Department of Basic Research, California Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ventura, California, USA, Department of Biology, California 3 Lutheran University, Thousand Oaks, California, USA, Departments of Medicine and Family PracticeVentura County Medical Center, Ventura, 4 CA and Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ventura County HematologyOncology Specialists, Ventura, CA Email: S Zaki Salahuddin*  [e-mail]; Katherine A Snyder  [e-mail]; Andre Godwin  [e-mail]; Renu Grewal  [e-mail]; John G Prichard  [e-mail]; Ann S Kelley  [e-mail]; Dennis Revie  [e-mail] * Corresponding author

Published: 24 October 2007 Received: 4 October 2007 Accepted: 24 October 2007 Virology Journal2007,4:106 doi:10.1186/1743-422X-4-106 This article is available from: http://www.virologyj.com/content/4/1/106 © 2007 Salahuddin et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract We have developed a system that isolates and replicates HCVin vitro. These isolates are called CIMM-HCV. This system has made it possible to analyze the biology, nature, and extent of HCV variability, among other things. Individuals that are infected with HIV-1 are often also infected with HCV and HHV-6. In addition to HCV, our lab has systems for replicating HIV-1 and HHV-6. We asked whether all these viruses could infect the same cells. We report here the successful infection of a T-cell (CEM) by CIMM-HCV, HHV-6, and HIV-1. PCR analyses demonstrated that the CEM cells were productively infected by HHV-6A. RT-PCR showed that the same cell culture was positive for HCV and HIV-1. Co-infection of a T-cell by all three viruses was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). All these viruses are highly cytolytic; therefore, triply- infected cells were short lived. However, HIV-1 and HCV co-infected cells unexpectedly lasted for several weeks. Viral replication was unhindered and the phenomenon of 'dominance' was not observed in our experiments. In addition, CIMM-HCV was present in the perinuclear space, suggesting their possible synthesis in the nucleus. This report is based entirely on viruses produced in vitroin our laboratories. As part of the determinations of host ranges of these viruses, studies were designed to demonstrate the infection of a single cell by these viruses and to study the consequences of this phenomenon. All measurements were made on cultured cells and cell culture supernatants.

Background Individuals harbouring more than one virus in acute or chronic diseases are frequently observed. A minority of patients that are infected with HIV1 are at least doubly infected [1]. Infection with HIV1, HCV, and human hep

atitis B virus (HBV) may result from a common route of infection. The majority of these individuals are also infected with HHV6, and other DNA viruses such as EpsteinBarr virus (EBV) or Cytomegalovirus (CMV). Except for HIV1, many of these viruses coexist in healthy

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