Tiers-Monde - Année 2006 - Volume 47 - Numéro 187 - Pages 591-619Philippe Hugon - Can we talk of a crisis or of a renewal of development economics over the past decade? Development economics, built up after the end of the Second World War and extended since, is now being called into question by three main critical groups : the upholders of free-market globalization, the ecologist movements and anti- development culture-centred tendencies. However, it could be considered that the discipline has been strengthened in the context of global fracture, differentiation between emerging countries and those caught in the pitfalls of underdeve- lopment, and that the intuitions of the development pioneers have been brought up to date by contemporary economic analyses. This article presents a criticism of the main empirical results of development processes (I) and the theoretical renewal of the foundations of development economics in the course of the past decade (II). 29 pages Source : Persée ; Ministère de la jeunesse, de l’éducation nationale et de la recherche, Direction de l’enseignement supérieur, Sous-direction des bibliothèques et de la documentation.