De la traduction dans le droit des idées d égalité/inégalité
294 pages
Français

De la traduction dans le droit des idées d'égalité/inégalité , livre ebook

294 pages
Français

Description

Le droit constitue, à toutes les époques, un poste d'observation privilégié du traitement idéologique de la valeur d'égalité dans une société. Certes, les normes juridiques ne règlent pas à elles seules le comportement des individus. On peut suivre, au long de ce numéro, dans un temps et un espace qui varient de l'Égypte ancienne à la France et à la Russie actuelles en passant par le Moyen Age, l'évolution de ces idées légitimées par le Droit et progressivement désacralisées et réappropriées par les individus pour créer de nouveaux modèles.

Sujets

Informations

Publié par
Date de parution 01 avril 2015
Nombre de lectures 1
EAN13 9782336374406
Langue Français
Poids de l'ouvrage 4 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,1300€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

d’êtres humains au statut inégal. Les justiIcations idéologiques de
se reétaient pourtant dans une structuration spéciIque de la vie de
De la traduction dans le droit des idées d’égalité/inégalité
Revue internationale interdisciplinaire
69 2015/1
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