France

Directorate-General For The Information Society And Media

Description

Information technology and telecommunications

Sujets

• réseau
• réseaux
• réseau local
• Informatique
• Marketing et communication

Informations

• Publié par: DIRECTORATE-GENERAL-FOR-THE-INFORMATION-SOCIETY-AND-MEDIA
• Nombre de lectures: 32
• Langue: Français
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 6 Mo

Extrait

Commission des Communautés européennes
gestion de l'information
ETAT DE L'ART DE L'APPLICATION
DES NOUVELLES TECHNOLOGIES DE L'INFORMATION
DANS LES BIBLIOTHEQUES ET LEUR INCIDENCE
SUR LES FONCTIONS DES BIBLIOTHEQUES EN FRANCE
STATE OF THE ART OF THE APPLICATION
OF NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
IN LIBRARIES AND THEIR IMPACT
ON LIBRARY FUNCTIONS IN FRANCE
Rapport
EUR 11036 FR-EN/10
Agrandissement à partir d'un original microfiche Commission des Communautés européennes
gestion de l'information
ETAT DE L'ART DE L'APPLICATION
DES NOUVELLES TECHNOLOGIES DE L'INFORMATION
DANS LES BIBLIOTHEQUES ET LEUR INCIDENCE
SUR LES FONCTIONS DES BIBLIOTHEQUES EN FRANCE
STATE OF THE ART OF THE APPLICATION
OF NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
IN LIBRARIES AND THEIR IMPACT
ON LIBRARY FUNCTIONS IN FRANCE
par
L'Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Bibliothèques (ENSB)
F-Villeurbanne
et
La Fédération Française de Coopération entre Bibliothèques (FFCB)
F-Paris
Code Project: LIB-2/10
RAPPORT FINAL
1987
Direction générale
Télécommunications, industries de l'information et innovation
1988 EUR 11036 FR-EN/10 Publié par
COMMISSION DES COMMUNAUTÉS EUROPÉENNES
Direction générale
Télécommunication·, Industria da l'Information at Innovation
Bâtiment Jaan Monnat
LUXEMBOURG
AVERTISSEMENT
NI la Commission des Communautés europeennes, ni aucune autre personne
agissant au nom de la Commission, n'est responsable de l'usage
qui pourrait être fait des Informations ci-après
• CECA — CEE — CEEA, Bruxelles-Luxembourg, 1988 III
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Libraries and documentation bodies vary widely and form neither a network nor
a system. They may be divided into two groups:
- state-controlled bodies (or state-controlled until recently)
- other bodies.
The first group includes public reading services (central lending libraries
and municipal libraries) and study and research services (national library,
university, school libraries).
The second group also includes public reading services and study and research
services of varying status. One distinguishing characteristic of the second
group is its extreme fragmentation: there are no links between the different
organizations, different statutes, small-scale bodies etc.
This makes it difficult to introduce computerized services. This was the
conclusion we arrived at after an initial study of the current situation, and
so we have chosen only a few major special libraries from this second group.
The first group, of which there is a comprehensive description in Chapter 0,
therefore includes the majority of the computerized bodies.
For the purposes of the study, we have distinguished between public libraries
and study and research libraries, since the introduction of automation has
occurred differently in each.
One of the peculiarities of the French situation is the recentness of
computerization in libraries: for the most part, the systems introduced date
back to 1980-1982. They have had the time to take into account developments
in library science which occurred during these same years: the
standardization of bibliographical description, the need to work in real time,
ease of implementation etc.
Thanks to compatible formats, the functions for the recovery or exchange of
bibliographic records are being developed on almost all the systems being used
in the libraries.
The late introduction of overall computerization also explains the small
number of "in-house systems"; there has been time for viable integrated
systems to appear on the market.
The second characteristic is the important role played by the state in the
introduction of computerization in libraries.
- For public reading libraries, the Ministry for Culture and the Direction du
Livre et de la Lecture (literature and reading department) developed a system
known as LIBRA and gave it to the central lending libraries, which were
state-controlled at the time.
They have helped municipal libraries considerably in advising them on their
choice of systems and have given substantial financial help by contributing
50% towards the necessary investment. IV
- As far as study and research libraries are concerned, the Education Ministry
and its department responsible for libraries (DBMIST) have developed two
computerized aids, one for cataloguing (MOBICAT), the other for lending
(MOBIBOP), and they have introduced them into university libraries.
They have also assumed responsibility for the further development of an
existing system known as SIBIL. They have spearheaded the development of the
national union catalogue of periodicals (the CCN) and are currently organizing
the creation of a union catalogue for the books in university libraries.
Computerization in public reading libraries:
To date there are about 100 municipal libraries and 53 central lending
libraries which are computerized, but there are many different systems of
varying degrees of sophistication. Not all of these systems are capable of
performing good quality cataloguing operations, in particular the "in-house"
systems, which are nevertheless tending to be superseded by standard software
which are able to produce records at least compatible with the ISBD (more than
60 installations in 1986). Amongst these, there are some which offer limited
facilities for indexing either with numerals or by subject headings (Opsys and
Tobias). Others offer not only the possibility of an unlimited number of
indices, but also they use several authority files at the same time. At the
instigation of the Direction du Livre et de la Lecture, manufacturers and
librarians are realizing the need to circulate bibliographical information and
are recognizing the importance of exchange formats. However, only LIBRA
(developed by the DLL), DOBIS-LIBIS, GEAC and CLSI incorporate a MARC format.
Historically, cataloguing was not the first function to be computerized.
The first computerized function was circulations management, available even on
the oldest of systems and perfected on modern software by the introduction of
automatic housekeeping functions for reservations, overdue books, renewals and
re-issues (more than 60 libraries have these four functions).
Around 40 libraries have an acquisitions module and only 29 have a periodicals
management module.
The large-scale use of online information retrieval is more recent still, but
it has been given a boost by the expansion of Minitel used as a data base
consultation terminal. Some public libraries use the external data base
services, such as Leda (Phonothèque Nationale), Electre (Cercle de la
Librairie), but except for the BPI (the French Public Information Library),
none offer this facility to their readers. Other establishments, however,
permit readers to access their own bibliographic data base using Minitel, or
else they form part of a local telematic information network.
There is very little inter-library lending between public libraries, except
for the large municipal libraries recognized as provincial; the
funds which they receive tend to turn them into research.
Inter-library lending in this instance is carried out mainly through the
Centre Nationale de Prêt of the Bibliothèque Nationale (National Library
Lending Centre).
However, the efforts of the Direction du Livre et de la Lecture to promote
this facility in public libraries are beginning to bear fruit, as witnessed
from the statistics obtained by this department:15 000 transactions recorded
in 1980, 43 000 in 1985. Computerization in study and research libraries:
The introduction of computerization in these libraries is very unequal. Around
20 special libraries (out of more than one thousand) use a
commerci allly available computerized system (DOBIS-LIBIS, MINISIS, Siderale,
SIBIL, LIBRA).
There are far more special libraries equipped with an "in-house" system that
cannot be used outside the library concerned and which therefore makes
collaboration with others impossible. These documentation-oriented
systems more often than not resemble in-house data bases rather than
management systems.
There is much more uniformity in the state-supervised computerization of
university libraries. There are only three systems at present. The first,
known as SIBIL, is an integrated system of Swiss origin. The other two
are"in-house": MOBICAT, which is simply a software package to assist in
cataloguing, and MOBIBOP, which is a software package for circulation. Out of
160 departments, 6 have SIBIL, 45 MOBIBOP and 43 MOBICAT.
School libraries have joined together to set up a shared cataloguing network,
"Memoire Collective", which is an "in-house" system and will be linked to
local data banks for loans.
Finally, the national library has used GEAC to design a new computerized
system - based on its catalogue - which is intended to produce the official
French current national bibliography.
Study