Genetic dynamics across early life stages in the tropical tree Prunus africana (Rosaceae) Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades Doktor der Naturwissenschaften am Fachbereich Biologie der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität in Mainz Dana Berens Mainz, im Oktober 2010 Dekan: Erste Berichterstatterin: Zweiter Berichterstatter: Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 17.12.2010 You ever notice that trees do everything to git attention we do, except walk? (Alice Walker, The Color Purple) CONTENT 1 SUMMARY 1 2 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 3 2.1 DISPERSAL IN PLANTS 3 2.2 ANIMAL-MEDIATED GENE FLOW 4 2.3 CONSEQUENCES OF ANIMAL-MEDIATED GENE FLOW FOR GENETIC STRUCTURING 6 2.4 AIMS OF THE THESIS 7 3 DYNAMICS OF CONTEMPORARY GENE FLOW BY POLLEN AND SEEDS ACROSS SUCCESSIVE LIFE STAGES 9 3.1 INTRODUCTION 9 3.2 METHODS 12 3.2.1 STUDY SPECIES 12 3.2.2 STUDY SITE3.2.3 SAMPLING OF PLANT MATERIAL 13 3.2.4 MOLECULAR ANALYSES 14 3.2.5 PARENTAGE ANALYSES 15 3.2.6 ASSESSMENT OF POLLEN DISPERSAL, SEED DISPERSAL, AND GENE FLOW DISTANCES 16 3.2.7 ACCOUNTING FOR SAMPLING BIASES 17 3.2.8 STATISTICAL ANALYSES 18 3.3 RESULTS 20 3.3.1 PARENTAGE ANALYSES 20 3.3.2 POLLEN AND SEED DISPERSAL AND GENE FLOW DISTANCES3.3.3 CONTRIBUTION OF POLLEN AND SEED DISPERSAL TO GENE FLOW 23 3.3.
CONTENT 1SUMMARY 12GENERAL INTRODUCTION 32.1DISPERSAL IN PLANTS 32.2ANIMAL-MEDIATED GENE FLOW 42.3CONSEQUENCES OF ANIMAL-MEDIATED GENE FLOW FOR GENETIC STRUCTURING 62.4AIMS OF THE THESIS 73DYNAMICS OF CONTEMPORARY GENE FLOW BY POLLEN AND SEEDS ACROSS SUCCESSIVE LIFE STAGES 93.1INTRODUCTION 93.2METHODS 123.2.1 STUDY SPECIES 12 3.2.2 STUDY SITE 12 3.2.3 SAMPLING OF PLANT MATERIAL 13 3.2.4 MOLECULAR ANALYSES 14 3.2.5 PARENTAGE ANALYSES 15 3.2.6 ASSESSMENT OF POLLEN DISPERSAL,SEED DISPERSAL,AND GENE FLOW DISTANCES 16 3.2.7 ACCOUNTING FOR SAMPLING BIASES 17 3.2.8 STATISTICAL ANALYSES 18 3.3RESULTS 203.3.1 PARENTAGE ANALYSES 20 3.3.2 POLLEN AND SEED DISPERSAL AND GENE FLOW DISTANCES 20 3.3.3 CONTRIBUTION OF POLLEN AND SEED DISPERSAL TO GENE FLOW 23 3.3.4 DISPERSAL AND GENE FLOW DISTANCES ACROSS RECRUITMENT STAGES 28 3.4DISCUSSION 293.4.1 POLLEN AND SEED DISPERSAL AND GENE FLOW DISTANCES 29 3.4.2 CONTRIBUTION OF POLLEN AND SEED DISPERSAL TO GENE FLOW 30 3.4.3 DISPERSAL AND GENE FLOW DISTANCES ACROSS RECRUITMENT STAGES 32 3.4.4 IMPLICATIONS FOR POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE 33 3.5CONCLUSIONS 344FINE-SCALE SPATIAL GENETIC DYNAMICS ACROSS SUCCESSIVE LIFE STAGES 36