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Publié par | rheinische_friedrich-wilhelms-universitat_bonn |
Publié le | 01 janvier 2010 |
Nombre de lectures | 16 |
Poids de l'ouvrage | 11 Mo |
Extrait
‐ Institut für Geodäsie und Geoinformation ‐
Socio‐environmental impacts of settlement growth under conditions of
fostered infill development: a methodological framework for a multicriteria
assessment
Inaugural‐Dissertation
zur
Erlangung des Grades
Doktor‐Ingenieur
(Dr.‐Ing.)
der
Hohen Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät
der
Rheinischen Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität
zu Bonn
vorgelegt am
01.02.2010
von
Dipl.‐Geogr. Sophie Schetke
aus
Magdeburg
Referent: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Theo Kötter
Korreferent: PD Dr. Joachim Clemens Prof. Dr. Stephan Pauleit
Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 28. 07. 2010
Erscheinungsjahr: 2010
Abstract
Socio‐environmental impacts of settlement growth under conditions of fostered infill development:
a methodological framework for a multicriteria assessment
The background of this study is characterized by three major issues of current land use planning:
First, in Germany, around 100 hectare of greenfield sites are used for settlement and traffic purposes
every day. The trend of land‐consumption is rarely unbroken and the loss of natural resources
increases. Second, simultaneously, a paradox settlement growth can be found in lots of German
agglomerations: Whilst planners and communes are under continuous suburban development
pressure, considerable amounts of brownfields and open spaces are emerging in inner urban areas
due to the declining population, housing estates not being marketable anymore and structural
change. Third, the German Council of Sustainability promotes quantitative and qualitative targets of
future land management such as the reduction of land consumption to 30 hectare per day by the
year 2020 and a promotion of infill development versus greenfield development at a ratio of 3:1.
Facing these political targets aiming an intensified infill development gives both planners and
scientists reasons for serious concern when focusing on quality of life and ecological conditions.
Moreover, residents do not aspire to the compact city and see their quality of life endangered.
Against these notions, the major objective of this study is to analyze socio‐environmental conditions
under which a sustainable and resource‐preserving settlement development can be promoted and to
assess respective impacts of greenfield and infill development. By doing so, an essential part of this
study is dedicated to the development of an innovative theoretical and methodological concept of a
two‐stepped Multicriteria Assessment scheme (MCA) for a demography‐driven and scenario‐based
assessment of land use change.
The first step of this concept is characterized by the assessment of socio‐environmental prerequisites
of future housing sites of a city and their contribution to a sustainable settlement development
defined by the term Quality of Place (QoP). It results from a close collaboration between planners
and scientists within a research‐project on sustainable settlement‐development. Test‐runs and
discussions with planners have been conducted throughout a period of three years to discuss the
necessity of the socio‐ecological indicators and to identify individual weights. The second step is
formed by an on‐site‐assessment of socio‐environmental impacts on the target concepts Quality of
Life (QoL) and Urban Ecosystem Services (UES) due to the housing‐development of varying densities
within housing scenarios. A prototype of a Decision Support System (DSS) integrates both steps of
assessment and is presented within this work.
Using the results from the case study of this work ‐ the German City of Essen ‐ this study shows that a
strategy of fostered infill development cannot be rejected nor accepted unbiased. The socio‐
environmental prerequisites of infill development show an overall promising picture and can support
the political targets of the German government. In terms of socio‐environmental impacts and related
concerns as expressed by scientists, a more heterogeneous picture is formed. This study states that
socio‐environmental impacts are dependent on three aspects: site‐characteristics, surroundings and
housing densities. And as a matter of fact, infill development needs to be considered as an
alternative to greenfield development and is to be fostered in current urban planning.
i
Zusammenfassung
Socio‐environmental impacts of settlement growth under conditions of fostered infill development:
a methodological framework for a multicriteria assessment
Der Hintergrund dieser Arbeit ist durch drei aktuelle Hauptdiskussionsfelder charakterisiert: Erstens,
heute werden noch jeden Tag nahezu 100 Hektar Boden für Siedlungs‐ und Verkehrszwecke in An‐
spruch genommen. Der Trend der Flächeninanspruchnahme ist ungebremst und der Verlust natürli‐
cher Ressourcen auf dem Vormarsch. Zweitens, ist gleichzeitig ein Paradoxon der Siedlungsentwick‐
lung in zahlreichen Deutschen Agglomerationsräumen feststellbar: Während Planer und Gemeinden
unter anhaltend hohem Entwicklungsdruck stehen, der meist innerhalb der Außenentwicklung um‐
gesetzt wird, entstehen in den Innenbereichen immer mehr Brachflächen. Sie resultieren aus sinken‐
den Bevölkerungszahlen, nicht marktfähigen Wohnbaubeständen sowie dem wirtschaftsstrukturellen
Wandel. Drittens, der Deutsche Nachhaltigkeitsrat proklamiert Flächensparziele, die d