Anna and Sigmund Freud, Correspondence 1904-1938 / The great adventure of the talking cure from the slope father-daughter

Frans Tassigny

Description

Double fate of Anna Freud as a woman and as an analyst is built around the ambiguity of his desire to please - and not offend - the father, but also around the ambiguity of his desire him, Freud, vis-à-vis his daughter. It does not cease to warn, and that very soon, against potential suitors, and first and foremost against Jones, whom he suspects of wanting to woo Anna, then aged nineteen, when it 's is made only in England. We read - in addition to explicit prohibitions addressed to Jones in the letter of 20 July 1914 in note 1 p.119 - very carefully the sequence of letters from 40 to 45 who will decide its relation to femininity: the postcard he sends, representing a very intelligent monkey
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Informations

• Publié par: Une-Universite-de-la-Psychanalyse
• Nombre de lectures: 19
• Langue: English

Extrait

Anna and Sigmund Freud, Correspondence 1904-1938, Fayard, 2012 (read by Mariane Parakeet)

By Cyril Morana

Anna and Sigmund Freud, Correspondence 1904-1938, Fayard, 2012, 680 pages.

Sigmund Freud, father of psychoanalysis (1856-1939) entertained a lifelong correspondence provided with coworkers, friends, writers, analysts, and with his family dispersed throughout Europe. Many extracts from this correspondence are available in both German and French.

The professional part of the correspondence is no longer any mystery to the French public, as well as everything about the history and prehistory of psychoanalysis, such as the famous correspondence between Freud and Fliess, whose importance was revealed by the birth of psychoanalysis, Letters to W. Fliess 1887-1902 (PUF, 1991). In contrast, the innermost part of the match, as his letters to his wife (still unavailable in French) or letters to his daughter Anna presented here for the îrst time in French, will not fail to attract an audience interested in the history of psychoanalysis. This edition is established by Ingeborg Meyer Palmedo (for the German edition in 2006) who also wrote the afterword and notes and provides a valuable critical apparatus (index and comprehensive bibliography). This specialist Freud's correspondence has already worked on the German publication of the correspondence between Freud and Ferenczi, and then that of Freud's correspondence with his children (Briefe an die Kinder, Berlin, Aufbau, 2010, Letters to his children , Aubier, 2012). Correspondence between Freud and his youngest daughter has all the correspondence between Sigmund and Anna since 1904, while the latter, the last of his six children are aged just 9 years and 48 Freud, accompanied by a precise critical apparatus after each letter allowing any public even uninformed, conveniently follow the ow of the match. Meyer-Palmedo rigorously compares the events described in this correspondence with well-known biographies of Freud, primarily that of Ernest Jones (Das Leben und Werk von Sigmund Freud, Stuttgart, 1960-1962, trans. PUF in French, quadriga, 2006) and Anna Freud by Elizabeth Young-Bruehl (trans. French, Payot, 2006). Meyer-Palmedo not hesitate to question this or that detail of these biographies that have authority in the light of the correspondence between Freud and Anna, which will of course this book a valuable ally for historians of psychoanalysis and specialists in the work of Freud.

But the main interest of this work is not only in this historiographical accuracy. It does not bring revelation that would feed the recent controversies around the life and work of Freud: it appears in these pages as a father attentive, caring, loving, often painfully wounded by

illness and death of his family and concerned about the need for înancial security of a large family.

It will include over trade, often stied by a kind of restraint and common Anna Freud, mourning her daughter Sophie, who died suddenly of the Spanish u in 1920: Anna indeed responsible for many months of the two children thereof in Berlin Max Halberstadt home her husband and take a liking to the eldest, Ernst, whose education she will take a few years. And înd the emotion contained very Freud on the death of his little favorite son Heinele, three years after his mother (195 SF, p.392).

The main focus of the work will consist in the fact that the reader can follow so to speak live transfer Anna about her father, who was also his analyst, and the development of what one might call the dream be Antigone: Anna discovers very early in his life his interest in the work of his father, psychoanalysis. The reader will follow with attention and emotion over trade, the fragile young girl, perhaps suering from anemia and even various hysterical symptoms, feeling aroused in her the desire not only to support the work of his father, but also be analyzed by him, and then itself become an analyst. Freud, in a îrst time, without clearly oppose this project, is worried and afraid of the consequences for her daughter this intellectual ambition he sees in her: she trades initially focusing on pedagogy, desire may be more likely to be accepted as "feminine", and wants to become a teacher, but soon formed his project to be child analyst.

The clarity of this transference that destiny can be read in this connection the answer to two questions: "How do you become an analyst? "And" How is it spread of psychoanalysis? ". Throughout his letters interspersed with accounts of dreams, the portrait of Anna Freud unfolds under the sign of the transfer to the father and the diïcult construction of his personality as a woman.

Double fate of Anna Freud as a woman and as an analyst is built around the ambiguity of his desire to please - and not oend - the father, but also around the ambiguity of his desire him, Freud, vis-à-vis his daughter. It does not cease to warn, and that very soon, against potential suitors, and îrst and foremost against Jones, whom he suspects of wanting to woo Anna, then aged nineteen, when it 's is made only in England. We read - in addition to explicit prohibitions addressed to Jones in the letter of 20 July 1914 in note 1 p.119 - very carefully the sequence of letters from 40 to 45 who will decide its relation to femininity: the postcard he sends, representing a very intelligent monkey trying to comb (a caricature of Anna if she became a learned woman!), his prejudices against Jones, his îne analysis of the dierence of his youngest daughter from her sisters ("You as more intellectual interests and you do not satisferas likely soon to a purely feminine "43SF, p.117) to the response Anna 45AF: she dreams of Loe Kahn, the mistress of Jones and written "It must be nice to write something." Anna feels attracted to women and is crossed by the desire to create. His taste for writing will be constantly fought his father.

Anna basically follows the same path as his father, it was his self- analysis through his correspondence with W. Fliess and it is certain that the analysis of Anna and knotting of the transference relationship to the analyst-father began before the actual analysis by the many stories of dreams transcribed it in his letters: it keeps dream of being "fully considered" (when placing his teaching degree), unconscious desire to be "analyzed" revealed to his father (49 AF, p.128). And - even more beautiful - Anna dreams every night of Ms. Jones and she became blind (53 AF, p.133): it is Antigone who dreams of being Oedipus, showing at once his homosexual tendencies and identiîcation with the father. All this clearly result in 1915 with the dream of becoming the guardian of the temple (58 AF): "I dreamed recently that I had to defend a farm that belonged to us against enemies, but the sword was broken and I was ashamed to enemies "(p.140). Anna is now 20 years old: how to become the agship of psychoanalysis when it is a woman? But also, and equally diïcult, how to be anything other than a bearer of his father?

Antigone is his destiny despite it will establish the spring of 1923, during the occurrence of cancer of Freud which earned him thirty operations and long years of suering. This is also the year that will run a trip to Rome for three weeks in September to mark symbolically the young woman transmission of psychoanalysis. The program of visits, dutifully noted by Freud and searchable in the book (p.400-401 and commented in Appendix 1, p.536-545) is impressive. It is a journey of initiation that allowed Anna to settle with the agreement of Freud as his spiritual heir.

It is from that year Anna decided not to leave home and stay with her father for treatment. His father psychoanalyst inducted in 1925 - oering him a chair analyst should read these few lines of Freud (207 SF, p.415), so characteristic of humorous and accomplice who reigned between them. But, paradoxically, the reader, strengthening the link between sick father and the young woman will dwindle correspondence: Anna, who was also the main nurse Freud never left his father rarely, except for representation at meetings oïcial International Psychoanalytic Association, and for a holiday with Dorothy Burlingham. Dorothy, who had left New York had come to Vienna to entrust his son Bob Anna psychotherapy. This young woman from a wealthy American family was both his companion, his accomplice and partner in the project to create a private school inspired by innovative pedagogy and closely associated with psychoanalysis applied to children. This school was created in 1927 Heintzig (a suburb of Vienna) and those who were taught to name Erik Erikson and August Aichhorn. This educational project embodies the personal interpretation of psychoanalysis and Anna înd her just follow the Hampstead Child Therapy Clinic founded by Dorothy Burlingham and Anna in London after the exile of the Freud family in 1938.

Anna Freud is not a clone of his father away from the shackles Viennese family, she is looking for another woman, an alternative lifestyle, based on the idea of an extended family. Anna plays a psychoanalysis of land, less theoretical, and animated by the desire to improve the well-being of the child.

From late 1932, the correspondence is shrinking, consisting solely of cards autographs Freud addressed to Anna for her birthday and accompanying this - always symbolic oïce (1932), a jewel of China (1933), a ring gold (1935), a statuette Han (1936) are the latest brands unbreakable link between one and the other. There is no longer any letter from Anna September 1930. The last letter to Anna Freud, who is in Paris with Marie Bonaparte for international psychoanalytic congress in July, is dated August 1938 and has tragic overtones: a year before his death, Freud emigrated to London in extremis in June 1938, appears rightly concerned about the fate of his four sisters remained in the hands of the Nazis in Vienna. He died before knowing their fate deported îrst to Theresienstadt, where one died of starvation, and then to Treblinka, where the other three died tragically.

So we can only recommend reading this impressive work transcribing correspondence between Sigmund and Anna Freud: the historian of psychoanalysis will înd its good as well as the layman who reads this book as easily as a novel, as the "characters" we live and appear as the letters we recreate in a constantly changing scene, according to the movements of the two editors. The love of writing, over sensitive, strengthens family ties, so important in the Freud family, it is also the mark of a Viennese society very keen on romantic literature. No impression of voyeurism reading this beautiful correspondence: or dusk, or idolatry, but the matter of a life - or rather lives - in the service of psychoanalysis.

Mariane Parakeet

The great adventure of the talking cure from the slope father-daughter

Editions Fayard recently published correspondence between Freud and his daughter Anna. Approximately 300 letters previously unpublished, which demonstrate that psychoanalysis, as explained below Roland Gori is also a "personal matter."

Sigmund Freud and Anna Freud, Correspondence 1904-1938, edited by Ingeborg Meyer and postfacée-Palmedo, Elizabeth Roudinesco preface, translated from the German by Olivier Mannoni , Fayard, 2012. 35 euros. Telegram trivial to the most detailed letters, this is primarily a piece of Viennese life of a family in the early last century that give us Editions Fayard to discover. Family not the most trivial, of course, since these are Freud, secular Jews of the middle class, whose father, Sigmund, foment a "revolution intimate" with the beautiful Elizabeth formula proposed by Roudinesco, in the preface of the book to describe the adventure of psychoanalysis. When the correspondence begins in 1904, Anna, latest in a family of six children, only nine years. When it ends in 1938 Nazi Germany invaded Austria, prompting Freud to London exile (Anna Freud herself was arrested by the Gestapo and released). Between these two dates, he spends a lot of things, including the creation in 1910 of the International Psychoanalytic Association (IPA), the passage of the îrst topical Freud (unconscious / preconscious- conscious) to second (it / me / superego) with, in 1920, Beyond the pleasure principle, then, in 1923, the Ego and the Id ... But are not there, of course, the topics covered in this personal correspondence between a father and daughter. There is rather a question of dreams and torments of the young Anna, her jealousy towards her sister Sophia, discovery hint of his homosexuality (she always refuse to admit it). Unfolds as a father worried about his daughter's attraction, but never, unlike the latter, do not assimilate homosexuality a disease.

Between 1918 and 1924, Freud takes twice Anna analysis. Later, protective father he is, it helps to get translations in psychoanalytic publishing house, the Verlag. Which focuses on respective characters of his nephews and Ernstl Heinz, as evidenced by some of his letters of 1922, soon be based institutions for children in diïculty and to face another great woman of psychoanalysis, Melanie Klein, conditions the psychoanalysis of children. If he is a theoretical contribution of this rich correspondence is to draw our attention to the fact that psychoanalysis is as creative as ever when it develops in connection with life beyond a dogmatic decline and any manipulation. This is what invites us to meditate on the psychoanalyst and co-initiator of the call Call Roland Gori.

Roland Gori. "This is an exceptional testimony"

The publication of the correspondence between Anna Freud and her father was she eagerly awaited by the analyst community?

Roland Gori: This correspondence may be of interest far beyond the community of analysts. It addresses what we might call enlightened opinion. Freud's correspondence with his daughter Anna does not only psychoanalysis. It is a kind of rhizome roots that are intertwined in the history of psychoanalysis, those of an exceptional relationship with a girl with her father and his disciples, but also those of the "great history". This last aspect is not negligible. Historians have here a valuable document on the life of a Viennese family of the middle class, secular Jewish during the îrst decades of the twentieth century. Another advantage of this correspondence, as well as other previously published (that between Freud and Ferenczi, in particular), is to show that psychoanalytic concepts are never developed in the pure ether of theory and practice. They emerge in overdetermination that combines the logic of therapeutic practices, theoretical reection, cultural context, but also various transferential relationships, passions and aectives.Entre Freud and his disciples, psychoanalysis is not a domain scientist is also a "personal matter." Specializing in psychoanalytic education of children, Anna has certainly found a way to give children to her father ...

A father take his daughter analysis we seem totally incongruous today ... Was it a common practice in the early 20th century?

Roland Gori: As such, this is an exceptional case. But at that time, there was a high porosity between psychoanalysis and everyday life. Therefore, it is not uncommon that one analysis mutually between

friends or acquaintances. Ferenczi "psychoanalyzed" his commander in horseback riding, he also took the daughter of his mistress analysis and had a relationship with her. He has also held absolutely to be analyzed by Freud was reluctant in this adventure. It is a time when psychoanalysis was invented and seeks, not without risks. Psychoanalysts, Freud îrst found themselves in the situation of physicists, such as Marie Curie, which was irradiated by radium she discovered. Freud said: "We may be îre scorched the transfer." They are sometimes "burnt,". This contrasts with the technical design of psychoanalysis, which tends to dominate today. The time of the discovery, with its trials and its teeming experiences, involves risks but also has a great creativity. In this respect too, this correspondence is an exceptional testimony.

Can you give examples of this lost creativity?

Roland Gori: concepts invented psychoanalysis follow a dual approach. There is a logical validity of knowledge related to the theoretical and practical experience. And then there's another one you can say "subjective". Take the debate Freud - Ferenczi on the importance of trauma symptoms in the factory. Freud's discovery is that the symptoms from fantasy to reality, mental, patient, and not the reality of its history without denying this discovery, Ferenczi shows a part of the reality involved in producing the symptoms. The hypocrisy of the parents, the symbolic violence of environmental hypocrisy professional psychoanalyst, can play a role in creating the traumatic neuroses. The importance of trauma in the practice and theory course from Ferenczi's clinical experience. And the relationship with Freud, it makes sense: by placing it between Freud and trauma, Ferenczi reveals an ambivalence that Freud did not fail to analyze. Transfers involved in theoretical and practical innovations inevitably. How not to perceive in the debates that opposed Anna Freud and Melanie Klein on the role of parents in the analysis of young children torments and rewards of their personal history? It is not unimportant either Anna Freud, the analyst was the father, who defends precisely the idea that we can psychoanalyze young children by combining their parents.

Anna Freud has gone down in history as a "guardian of the temple", which would stiened the legacy of his father. However, if one follows you, she has forged his own approach based on dialogue with his father, who thought and practiced psychoanalysis in constant contact with everyday life and its share of surprises ... Do not there there is some ambiguity?

Roland Gori: What you need to understand is that psychoanalysis does not aim to make the best analysts, smarter, etc.. It is a method enactment in clinical practice which can sometimes emancipation, never achieved once and for all. It is a mistake to believe that there is a psychoanalyst in full-time, life, and there is never freed. Such and such an ideology illusion is even more alienating they avail themselves of the freedom and desire. Psychoanalytic institutions have shown that the treatment they are political passions that their cross is unthinkable.

One of the challenges of the correspondence between Freud and his daughter Anna, is the issue of homosexuality. But it is today, psychoanalysis is questioned in societal debates about marriage for same-sex parenting and all. This correspondence between Freud and Anna is it likely to shed light on the current divisions of the psychoanalytic community on these issues?

Roland Gori: Unlike a persistent prejudice, Freud did not condemn homosexuality. Although, in this correspondence, we sense that it does not recognize Anna and more dedicated to the traditional model of the family that dominated at the time. It is both a father concerned about the future of his children, love and understanding, providing support, advice and warnings, but respectful of their choice. You have to put things in context. Family is a word that covers a reality constantly changing in history whose meaning changes as and when morals change. A word is not the same concept. This is true of the word "homosexuality" which psychoanalytic deînition has nothing to do with the usual meaning. Freud said that "no one shall be held in accordance with the homosexual object choice." In other words, Don Juan may very well be in a position psychic homosexual despite his womanizing if his desire is oriented rivals or the statue of the commander. For psychoanalysis, it is not sexual behavior that counts, but the psychic position. So useless to seek psychoanalysis as a guide to good manners. I repeat: we must stop exploit psychoanalysis to promote an ideology or moral shape, type or against gay marriage, for or against same-sex parenting. From my point of view it is not for psychoanalysts to issue prescriptions moral or social, to enact standards of behavior. Psychoanalysts who venture on this path delude themselves by promoting voluntary servitude which psychoanalysis is supposed to help us liberate. It is as citizens that the psychoanalyst can participate in a public debate, not as an expert.

Roland Gori

Psychoanalyst Roland Gori is in Marseille and professor of psychology and psychopathology clinics. He is the author of numerous books on psychoanalysis.

Summary

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• Approach 1

• 2 The appeal calls

• 3 Psychoanalysis and the University

o 3.1 From 1969 to 1983: The speech act

o 3.2 "as a story of dreams ..." 1983 to 2000

o 3.3 The most current thematic From 2000 to 2011

 3.3.1 Memory and Remembrance

 3.3.2 The logic of passions

 3.3.3 Epistemology and rationality of psychoanalysis

 3.3.4 Against empires

 3.3.5 What is psychoanalysis it the name?

• 4 Course institutional and editorial

• Works 5

• 6 Notes and references

• 7 See also

• 8 External links

Approach

Speech and language have an essential role in his writing and teaching. His work focuses on the psychoanalytic discourse and in a Freudian reference. DansLogique passions, Roland Gori writes: "discourses that inhabit the human we have the words to înd a lost world or that we have ever owned. And in the words, there are still other words, in other words from other words again ... "[ref. needed]

Very involved in the current debate, he opposes what he sees as "the excesses of scientism in psychiatry and the instrumentalization of the human" and advocates "for further human sciences" 1.

In the article "The Newspeak of psychopathology today": "Without question the power of the self-proclaimed expertise and generalized assessment, mental health again become a branch of public health including psychiatry issue. It would be reduced to a device and biopolitics recomposition of our psychological and social sensitivities in which we become excluded all potential inside the city. Such a device could in the name of "science" somewhat abused, to make the simple excuse of sovereign power over what Giorgio Agamben calls "bare life" excluded. When life policy and identify the risk is great to see the development of these totalitarian regimes who "organic" in the name of this fatality which policy decisions are recoded as standards "natural." We should not forget that our decisions are not conducting any naturalness but almost always acts and words which emerges our humanity. '

The call Call

Roland Gori, Stefan Chedri, launched in December 2008, the movement of "Call Call". Boasting nearly 75,000 signatures in a few weeks [ref. needed], this "call" invites care professionals such as justice, education and culture to gather, share and respond better to oppose the logic of standardization and systematic evaluation of each practice . Call denounces what would be a "ideological phenomenon and convergence of methods aimed at the human level o in favor of accounting and market logic." During the 2009 committees and local groups calling calls have sought to structure and propose various events and meetings.

Psychoanalysis and the university

Following the paths of his work, three periods can be distinguished

1969 to 1983: The speech act

From his earliest work, supported by Anzieu (Anzieu will be his supervisor), the issue of speech act is raised in order to deîne its place and function. Language and speech are the cornerstones, both theoretical and methodological, to question the truth unconscious speaks about.

What looks Roland Gori? Probably that occur in their speech saying, how they structure the subject, while veiling and unveiling the unconscious desires. Speech IS thought as long as we read it in the light of the Freudian method of associations "free".

And Freudian psychoanalysis appears as both the theoretical corpus own to conceptualize it, but as the method which involves the analytic treatment by comparing the suering, then those concepts embodied. So he began at an epistemological reection on the reports "disturbing familiarity" between clinical psychology and psychoanalysis.

Questions are then germs that can condense as follows: what is the architecture of words assembled in speech, how to reect the words of the unconscious and its eects on us, what theory can generate the language its reduction to communication, how to account for the transfer by the play of words addressed? We are dependent on the language to the point of having the illusion of our being? and what suering does not ush them into words and complaints point to try the site of the analytic cure to analyze the contours and mazes? how academic rigor can we write or say these words and words in the transfer? Concepts emerge as then: the body and the code related article Anzieu, but also close to the texts with Winnicott.

"As a story of dreams ..." 1983 to 2000

Powerful model of dream analysis as Freud proposed as early as 1900 becomes an even deeper source. Roland Gori therefore seeks to provide an analysis of the discourse of patients suering from so-called "somatic" (away from any causal claim and psychosomatic) but in the methodological prescription Freudian to consider any complaint story as a narrative dream! He insisted in his book as evidence by the central word on concepts such as "novel" of the disease closely related to the "family romance" Freudian, or the notion of "somatic compliance" ...

"Like a dream narrative" this central formula combines both theoretical rigor and research proposals. This means that before disappearing into the eects of meaning, a say, a narrative, a symptom it is analytically speaking more interesting to consider these fragments as pieces of stories of dreams (and hence distinctions between day and remains unconscious infantile wishes) .... there is not this the promise of a discipline of psychoanalysis ...

The themes most current From 2000 to 2011

Memory and memory

From questions about the analysis of the speech act Roland Gori will proceed (in connection with the Freudian teachings) to develop a model of psychopathology memory remote memory. This memory, he describes: it "actualizes itself in words and phonemes of speech, and tends to thought a manipulation of signs." In this sense he joined the statements Lacanian logic of the signiîer as well as some proposals and the work of the pragmatics of language

The logic of passions

Anna et Sigmund Freud, Correspondance 1904-1938, Fayard, 2012 (lu par Mariane Perruche)

Par Cyril Morana