Solzhenitsyn Picture Script

Informations

• Publié par: janeltillson90
• Publié le: 15 août 2016
• Nombre de lectures: 1
• Licence : En savoir +
  Paternité, partage des conditions initiales à l'identique
• Langue: English

Extrait

Solzhenitsyn Picture Script

Aleksandr Isayevich[a] Solzhenitsynas well asthe Surfer

Solzhenitsyn Film Screenplay

Aleksandr Isayevich[a] Solzhenitsyn(/?so?l???ni?ts?n, ?s??l-/;[2] Russian: ?????????? ???????? ???????????, pronounced [?l???ksandr ??sa?v??t? s?l???n?its?n]; 11 December 1918 – 3 August 2008)[3] (often Romanized to Alexandr or Alexander)[4][5] was a Russian novelist, historian, and short legend writer. He was an outspoken critic of the Soviet Union and its totalitarianism and helped to enlarge worldwide awareness of its Gulag forced graft camp system. He was allowed to publish only one job inside the Soviet Union, One Day inside the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962), within the periodical Novy Mir. After this he had to publish in the West, most notably Cancer Ward (1968), August 1914 (1971), and The Gulag Archipelago (1973). Solzhenitsyn was awarded the 1970 Nobel Accolade in Literature "for the ethical influence with which he has pursued the crucial way of life of Russian literature".[6] Solzhenitsyn was afraid to move to Stockholm to receive his decoration for fear that he would not be allowed to reenter. He was eventually expelled within the Soviet Union in 1974, still returned to Russia in 1994 after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

Solzhenitsyn was born in Kislovodsk, RSFSR (now in Stavropol Krai, Russia). His mother, Taisiya Zakharovna (née Shcherbak) was of Ukrainian descent.[7][8] Her father had risen from humble beginnings to become a wealthy landowner, acquiring a large estate from the Kuban region in the northern foothills of the Caucasus.[9] During World War I, Taisiya went to Moscow to appraise. While there she met and married Isaakiy Solzhenitsyn, a immature officer inside the Imperial Russian Army of Cossack origins and fellow native of the Caucasus region. The family set of his parents is vividly brought to life from the entrance chapters of August 1914, and among the successive Red Wheel classic tomes.[10]

In 1918, Taisia became pregnant with Aleksandr. On 15 June, shortly after her pregnancy was confirmed, Isaakiy was killed in a hunting accident. Aleksandr was raised by his widowed mother and aunt in lowly circumstances. His earliest years coincided with the Russian Civil Raid. By 1930 the family property had been turned into a collective farm. Successive, Solzhenitsyn recalled that his mother had fought for survival and that they had to keep his father's location inside old Imperial Army a mystery. His educated mother (who never remarried) encouraged his literary and scientific learnings and raised him from the Russian Orthodox faith;[11][12] she died in 1944.[13]

As early as 1936, Solzhenitsyn began developing the characters and concepts for a planned epic exertion on World Clash I plus the Russian Revolution. This eventually led to the unique August 1914 – some of the chapters he wrote then conversely survive.[citation vital] Solzhenitsyn studied mathematics at Rostov State University. At the same time he took correspondence courses while in the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and Description, presently heavily ideological in scope. As he himself makes clear, he did not inquiry the state ideology or the superiority of the Soviet Union until he depleted time in the camps.[citation obligatory]

World Warfare II[edit] All over the warfare Solzhenitsyn served as the commander of a sound-ranging battery in the Red Army,[14] was involved in important skirmish at the front, and twice decorated. He was awarded the Order of the Red Pop idol on 8 July 1944 for sound-ranging two German artillery batteries and adjusting counterbattery fire onto them, resulting in their devastation.[15]

A series of writings published late in his life, including the early uncompleted creative Love the Revolution!, chronicles his wartime outcome and his growing doubts about the moral foundations of the Soviet regime.[16]

While serving as an artillery officer in East Prussia, Solzhenitsyn witnessed raid crimes against local German civilians by Soviet armed personnel. The noncombatants plus the elderly were robbed of their meager possessions and ladies and women were gang-raped to death. A few years ensuing, inside forced labor camp, he memorized a poem entitled "Prussian Nights" about these incidents. In this poem, which describes the gang-rape of a Polish woman whom the Red Army soldiers mistakenly notice to be a German, the first-person narrator assessments on the events with sarcasm and refers to the responsibility of official Soviet writers like Ilya Ehrenburg.

In The Gulag Archipelago, Solzhenitsyn wrote, "There is nothing that so assists the awakening of omniscience within us as insistent thoughts about one's own transgressions, errors, mistakes. After the easier said than done cycles of such ponderings for a second time compound years, whenever I mentioned the heartlessness of our highest-ranking bureaucrats, the cruelty of our executioners, I remember myself in my Captain's shoulder boards plus the forward march of my battery through East Prussia, enshrouded in fire, and I say: 'So were we any bigger?'"[17]

Imprisonment[edit] In February 1945, while serving in East Prussia, Solzhenitsyn was arrested for writing derogatory reviews in private letters to a

friend, Nikolai Vitkevich,[18] about the conduct of the dogfight by Joseph Stalin, whom he called "Khozyain" ("the boss"), and "Balabos" (Yiddish rendering of Hebrew baal ha-bayit for "master of the dwelling").[19] He was accused of anti-Soviet propaganda under Commentary 58 paragraph 10 of the Soviet criminal code, and of "founding a hostile organization" under paragraph 11.[20][21] Solzhenitsyn was taken to the Lubyanka prison in Moscow, where he was interrogated. On 7 July 1945, he was sentenced in his absence by Special Council of the NKVD to an eight-year term in a labour camp. This was the normal sentence for most crimes under Commentary 58 at the time.[22]

The first part of Solzhenitsyn's sentence was served in compound different labor camps; the "center phase," as he consequent referred to it, was exhausted in a sharashka (i.e., a special scientific research facility run by Ministry of Realm Security), where he met Lev Kopelev, upon whom he based the image of Lev Rubin in his book The First Circle, published in a self-censored or "distorted" version inside West in 1968 (an English translation of the full version was eventually published by Harper Perennial in October 2009).[23] In 1950, he was sent to a "Special Camp" for political prisoners. All through his imprisonment at the camp inside town of Ekibastuz in Kazakhstan, he worked as a miner, bricklayer, and foundry foreman. His experiences at Ekibastuz formed the foundation for the book One Day inside the Life of Ivan Denisovich. One of his fellow political prisoners, Ion Moraru, remembers that Solzhenitsyn used up some of his time at Ekibastuz writing.[24] While there Solzhenitsyn had a tumor removed. His cancer was not diagnosed at the time.

In March 1953, after his sentence ended, Solzhenitsyn was sent to internal exile for life at Kok-Terek among the northeastern region of Kazakhstan, very close to the current border with Russia, as was ordinary for political prisoners. His undiagnosed cancer spread until, by the end of the year, he was close to death. In 1954, he was permitted to be treated in a hospital in Tashkent, where his tumor went into remission. His experiences there became the starting place of his innovative Cancer Ward and also found an echo inside the short account "The Right Hand." It was all over this decade of imprisonment and exile that Solzhenitsyn abandoned Marxism and developed the philosophical and religious positions of his successive life, gradually becoming a philosophically-minded Christian as a occasion of his event in prison as well as the camps.[25][26][27] He repented for some of his actions as a Red Army captain, and in prison compared himself to the perpetrators of the Gulag: "I remember myself in my captain's shoulder boards along with the forward march of my battery through East Prussia, enshrouded in fire, and I say: 'So were we any more?'" His transformation is described at some length within the fourth part of The Gulag Archipelago ("The Soul and Barbed Wire"). The picture poem The Trail (written without improvement of pen or paper in prison and camps between 1947 and 1952) and the 28 poems composed in prison, forced-labour camp, and exile also provide de rigueur material for familiarity Solzhenitsyn's intellectual and spiritual odyssey all over this homework. These "early" works, largely unknown in the West, were published for the first time in Russian in 1999 and excerpted in English in 2006.[28][29]

Marriages and kids[edit] On 7 April 1940, while at the university, Solzhenitsyn married Natalia Alekseevna Reshetovskaya.[30] They had just once more a year of married life before he went into the army, then to the Gulag. They divorced in 1952, a year before his exclusion, because wives of Gulag prisoners challenged loss of toil or home permits. After the end of his internal exile, they remarried in 1957,[31] divorcing a second time in 1972.

The successive year Solzhenitsyn married his second wife, Natalia Dmitrievna Svetlova, a mathematician who had a son from a brief prior marriage.[32] He and Svetlova (born 1939) had three sons: Yermolai (1970), Ignat (1972), and Stepan (1973).[33]

Solzhenitsyn's adopted son Dmitri Turin died on March 18, 1994, age 32 in Cavendish, Vermont, shortly before he could return with his father to Russia.[34]