Des tortues marines au long cours
Description
Des tortues marines au long cours Extrait du E D D - Guyanehttp://webtice.ac-guyane.fr/eddDes tortues marines au longcours - Contexte général et contexte guyanais - LA NATURE GUYANAISE - La faune - Les tortues marines - Date de mise en ligne : mardi 3 novembre 2009E D D - GuyaneCopyright © E D D - Guyane Page 1/7Des tortues marines au long cours
Des tortues marines au long cours
Extrait du E D D - Guyane
http://webtice.ac-guyane.fr/edd
Des tortues marines au long
cours
- Contexte général et contexte guyanais -
LA
NATURE
GUYANAISE -
La faune -
Les tortues marines -
Date de mise en ligne : mardi 3 novembre 2009
E D D - Guyane
Copyright © E D D - Guyane
Page 1/7
Des tortues marines au long cours
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<o:p></o:p>
<!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--» <!--[endif]--»Le système ARGOS* de localisation et de collecte permet de localiser
avec une précision de l’ordre de 150 m tout mobile équipé d’une balise émettrice quelle que soit sa
position sur le globe. <o:p></o:p>
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Après plusieurs tentatives infructueuses, la Guyane a été en 1983, le siège d’une première mondiale :
l’harnachement d’une tortue marine avec une balise ARGOS*. <o:p></o:p>
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Des tortues marines au long cours
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Il faudra néanmoins attendre une bonne vingtaine d’années pour que ces essais se transforment en réussite
et permettent l’obtention de résultats exploitables. <o:p></o:p>
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Les signaux des balises sont émis lorsque les tortues équipées viennent respirer à la surface. <o:p></o:p>
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Ils sont réceptionnés par des satellites gravitant en orbite autour de la Terre. <o:p></o:p>
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Ainsi il a été montré qu’entre deux pontes d’une même saison, si les tortues luths peuvent effectuer de
grandes boucles à plus de 100 km des côtes, elles passent préférentiellement leur temps à proximité du rivage dans
un rayon de 20 km. <o:p></o:p>
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Ceci permet d’expliquer les trop nombreuses prises accidentelles de tortue dans les tramails, les chaluts
crevettiers et les filets dérivants particulièrement présents dans ces mêmes zones. <o:p></o:p>
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Ce suivi a aussi démontré que tout comme les tortues vertes, les luths ne suivaient pas de couloirs de migration
particuliers suite à leur départ des plages guyanaises. <o:p></o:p>
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En pleine mer elles fréquentent pour leur alimentation les fronts océaniques : zone de rencontre entre masses
d’eau chaudes et froides. <o:p></o:p>
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Or ces derniers constituent aussi des zones de pêche au thon particulièrement importantes ce qui constitue une
réelle menace pour les tortues. <o:p></o:p>
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L’utilisation du système ARGOS sur des tortues vertes a permis de montrer que tout comme les luths, les
Tortues vertes peuvent effectuer plusieurs milliers de kilomètres entre leur site de ponte et leur site
d’alimentation. <o:p></o:p>
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Des tortues marines au long cours
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De plus, des populations nidifiant à des milliers de kilomètres les unes des autres peuvent se retrouver entre deux
saisons de pontes sur une même zone d’alimentation. <o:p></o:p>
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Ces migrations ne sont néanmoins pas systématiques, ainsi des suivis de tortues mahoraises ont, quant à eux, fait
état d’individus "résidents" sur des sites d’alimentation jouxtant les sites de nidification. <o:p></o:p>
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Si ces études par suivi satellitaire permettent d’éclairer d’un jour nouveau nos connaissances sur les
tortues marines, de nombreuses zones d’ombres persistent encore.<o:p></o:p>
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Quelle est la durée de vie moyenne d’une tortue ? <o:p></o:p>
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Que font les petites tortues durant leur première année de vie (elles se font particulièrement discrètes au cours de
cette période si bien que les scientifiques la nomme "l’année perdue") ? <o:p></o:p>
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Le comportement des mâles est bien moins connu encore, car ils ne viennent jamais à terre. <o:p></o:p>
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Le travail de marquage des tortues par puces électroniques ou bagues métalliques montre, quant à lui, que 31 luths
marquées en 2001 sont revenues en 2004 et que sur les 714 olivâtres marquées en 2004 , 207 étaient marquées de
l’année précédente. <o:p></o:p>
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