Conference WATER WEEK 2012

Htc

Informations

• Publié par: ReporterRDMROW
• Publié le: 24 octobre 2015
• Nombre de lectures: 2
• Langue: English

Extrait

th th WWW 2012 from Sunday 26 until Friday 31 of August, Stockholm.

th Conferences Sunday 26 .

K21 Infrastructures, climate change and water

Mr Diego Rodriguez, World bank.

Welcome to all participants that will help programs and thinking about water and large infrastructures.

Mr John Matthews, Conservation NGO

Ecological thinking could be against large dams and water infrastructures. But after working on the subject several years ecologists can re-think the concept because large water systems are improving people's life.

Climate change is part of planning large infrastructures, and not any more an underground concern.

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Mr David R. Purkey, US water group leader

Integrating resilience as continuity and recovery aspects.

How to maintain role, purpose and integrity of action in changing circonstances. The example is about keeping good environment for fishes to live and give birth in Californian rivers. Water temperature in this area of hydro-power production should be kept under 20 degrees, otherwise fishes will not survive.

Adaptation of water system in terms of Operations, Infrastructure characteristics and Basin context. It means taking water at deeper or lower level depending to season and temperature of reservoir.

Anyway it seems the population of fish will not last during the 21st century.

Water and energy plans are linked on effect matters.

Ms Monica Scatasta, European investment Bank

Sharing doubts, questions within the group. Economic models linked to hydrological issues. Water and Climate Change adaptation have influence on economic and financial challenges.

At project level, risk assessment might be a major research to understand financial and socio-economic impacts.

Ms Jessica Troell, Environmental Law Institute

Governing for resilience. Impredictability of climate and multiple stressors on environment show that adaptation of water policies is becoming crucial at both national, regional and global levels.

Consider climate for planning water projects.

Panel about adaptation:

Size of infrastructure matters because it is linked to investment, local impacts and political decisions. Climate models have changed during the last decades because climate change was not included by scientists. Also, local governments do not agree to be influenced by development agencies for infrastructures, they raise their own funds and want to decide what they want to build.

Does resilience comes from local control or decentralized?

National level is supposed to decided for large scale project and local governance to analyse acceptability of risks. Between regions, release of water and keeping water inside dams must be coordinated.

Ms Anette Tjomsland, FIVAS

52.000 dams contribute to more than 4% CO2 release in atmosphere.

Other participants

Resilience is supposed to embrace things "out of control", that's why local or central "control" is not exactly appropriate.

Local governance may not have enough overview on national issues.

International Water Institute in Mali

Nature may provide the resilience because their are examples in Cameroun, Niger, Senegal where millions of people depend on flood plains. They had to move from cities because they had no water services.

Ms Katleen Dominique OECD

Climate change adaptation is considered too late in project building for changing important characteristics of infrastructures.

Sri Lanka have a sustainable way of managing natural collection of rain water and using cascade system. It is not only considering what human being gain from the system that stands for 2500 years but also what government finally avoid to invest in water management.

Because there is a long term issue about resilience at sustainability about water, policies may take into account the need to adaptation has obligation. It is an immediate challenge for managing the future.

K16/17 Sanitation for all, the drive to 2015

Ms Therese DOOLEY, senior advisor at UNICEF.

- to end with open defecation - United Nations are involved and urging any institution to raise awareness against open defecation.

Millennium Development Goal sanitation might be reached by joining efforts.

Ms Clarissa Brocklehurst

The sanitation working group, proposal and internal group work.

Started in January 2012, Washington DC.

Goals:

- universal access to fresh water - by 2025, no-one practices open defecation - by 2030, 80% have adequate sanitation facility - by 2030, 50% of household excreta separated and stored properly.

Other monitoring items Affordability, community-wide sanitation, public expenditure, discrimination and exclusion, progress against the old "improved" definition.

Simple solution that can help stopping open defecation will benefit to 80 millions people.

Location of latrine is driving change to habits. Also community latrines are a solution. Mobilisation of communities through natural leaders is a success.

Water or sanitation, the debate will continue the next years.

Water sector will keep on receiving money.

Mr Sjef Ernes, Aqua for all.

There should be solutions to change habits by making the use of sanitation facilities more attractive.

Panellist from India

In India, the city of Bangalore have set-up a system which facilitate the use of human excreta in agriculture.

Re-use of excreta might be facilitate to create small businesses for use in fertilizer.

T5 Sanitation and water for all, seminar

Mr Darel Saywell, Plan International USA Ms Heather Skilling, USAID

NPRI - work hand in hand with governments - spread activities that improve the sector - fill the gaps, not disturbing the running projects

The key question: where do we start?

Mr Dominick De Wall

How to translate political commitment to the field action -> how to allocate funds to the countries in need

the countries might be off track, local presence of coordinating demand, explicit and articulated demand from government for NPRI -> support is eligible

Question from participant:

How to encourage? How to make things happen? Does it need local demonstration?

Ms Clarissa Brockehurst, SWA secretariat.

The sector shows numerous actions on WASH, coordination and consolidation of projects.

The landscape might be monitored from National up to local figures, for partners, inputs, outputs, outcomes.

Monitoring is key for analysing progresses. Thanks to the monitoring SWA can have a stronger voice in negotiating with UN agencies.

Mr Robert Bos, WHO

Targets, indicators will be analysed during meetings with UNICEF to compare statistics to field assessments.

Conclusion of the seminar

Highlight from groups:

- Access to water and finance, regional processes. - Several commitment from HLM are difficult to track. - Strong linkage of documentation with project monitoring. - List of gaps and recommendations. - Data collection at national level improvement and support.

Finally the speaker (DS) encourages any participant to be involved in progress.

K16/17 Water resources management

Taking points from Rio conference and discussing. A survey was organized to know how many countries agreed on Integrated Water Resource Management. Based on 70% countries that answered the questionnaire, the survey is analysing IWRM compared to Human Development Indicator.

An interactive map allows to shows indicators thanks to your choice of parameters.

From Millennium Development goals to Sustainable Development goals. How to set-up the monitoring scheme for specific Water Resource Management.

A panel will comment UN report on water

Mr Michel Jarraud, UN Water.

The report was created to inform about the survey and linked to the future. The report must be useful to inform the progress and adapt to the new environment. There were no SDG's before Rio, but only MDG's. Then there is a need to review the Water report process. All organisations that are participating the UN water report work on definition of few Sustainable Development Goals that will cover various activities.

Dealing with natural disasters must be included because some of huge events are shaking the global situation.

Ms Karen LEXEN, SIWI.

Organisations may communicate with governments without waiting for invitations. Advocacy may influence decisions.

Mr Rashid Mbazira, African Union.

How to report the analysis in the context for implementing the projects? There is no system and this is the main target actually.

Mr Jean Marie, Water net.

We see that Water is not a key issue in negotiation. Answer: it is included but not in the same way.

UN water is appealing anybody who wants to share ideas for definition of SDG's and UN will be very active for implementing the projects within IWRM.

Monday 27th

Plenary session, opening.

Started with children playing violins. Also Art demonstration in air.

Opening stressing the importance of water in global development. Water and sanitation may be available to anybody as it has tremendous affect on food security, health and family life.

New ideas and technologies may emerge from talks and workshop along the week. Support from city of Stockholm, Swedish state, SIWI and private companies very important for organising the World Water Week.

Disaster have showed how important is water in our daily life, improving access to water and food security will change hundred of millions of lives.

Mayor of Stockholm welcomes people and remind the past of Stockholm being polluted and grey air created by coal burning. The efforts made in Stockholm can be exported.

The Egyptian Minister for water and Irrigation is stressing that African continent needs to have better access to fresh water and sanitation is still very weak. The financing gap is around thirty percent of the whole African need. The lack of water for food subsistence is leading to starvation while 3000 litre a day should be needed for local production. There are solutions for improving solutions and the total of families that would have correct sanitation and access to fresh water. Egypt is victim of water scarcity, and diverse effects of climate change as well as Africa as a whole. The Minister is asking the developed world to think about changing habits for not pushing on actual disastrous climate change impact on African families.

Director of FAO, G. Da Sylva, Brazilian Minister.

No food security without water security. Need is clear for fresh water. Agriculture is showing weak points that may lead to real problems of food production. Agriculture need a lot of water and will be a key question for water management. Small producers are the most producing force in the world. Better land and water management to small producers required support from National and International levels. Regional and Global stability depends on water availability. Land and water can be degraded by adding chemicals for intense agriculture. Innovation is needed for poor families and more efficient water management. Sustainability is not only a concern for producers but also for consumers.

K23 Water Security and Climate Resilient Development

Egyptian Minister of water and irrigation, AMCOW's President.

Global water partnership to be implemented about water and climate program. It is the launch of technical document of WSCRD. The guidance appeal organisations to work together in implementing the program. How fast will we be affected by Climate change? Scientific analysis must be the base of thinking about Climate change and actions to be made.

Prof Torkil Jonch Clausen, GWP forum.

Framework to provide a guidance on the development in investment, finance matters. A Climate change investment is supposed to be good when Climate change happens. You can have a low regret investment, is Climate change does not happen you did waste to much money. The framework is set-up to understand the problem, identify and evaluate options, to implement the solutions and monitoring effects and keep going on. Height pilots countries and five pilots basins, among 23 concerned countries.

Panellists

AMCOW expert, CAP net UNDP and GWP.

Africa have become an infrastructure continent. Resilience must be an important key point in projects. All projects linked to water security must integrate Climate variation as a component.

The need is 8 billions of investment about water security on the African continent. Eliminating poverty is the goal of water availability. Adaptation side and mitigation with CO2 low emission seems to be a promising work.

CAP net want to emphasize the building capacity phase.

Relation between Egypt and Sudan is based on using the Nile river for cultivating rice in the Nile valley.

Trans boundaries programs, and identifying the most vulnerable populations are part of current way of building projects.

K21 Water-Energy-Food security International basins nexus

Pr Jonas Bogardis.

Processes may take much time in elaborating the paperwork. It is time and human resources consuming.

Water and food security projects may respect environmental conditions for improving population lives at the same time. Species, water quality, quantity needed, pollution of rivers must be taken into account.

Agro products are exported and create a virtual trade of water between continents.

The human food security is connected to availability around living areas and quality will influence on health status.

The inter-boundaries basins are located in USA, Asia, Africa and middle-east. Basins are exporting their products.

Mr Rick Lawford

Lake Winnipeg, sickest of Canada.

The lake is receiving debris from a lot of US cities and become polluted. Also agriculture brings chemical residuals.

The water moving into the border is circulating from south to north.

Thursday 28th

T4 An eye on Asia

Pr Peter Rogers, Harvard University and NUS.

Urban population transition Nutrition transition Climate transition Agricultural transition Energy transition

Carbohydrate consuming is going down while fat is growing an protein is stagnate.

An average of 5 to 17% for greenhouse emission are cause by land turn into agriculture field.

Climate change/Global food needs and maximum food production are defining a safe zone triangle. The situation is actually not in safe zone for global figures. The problem is to know how the society will adapt solution for moving "gravitation CFP point" in the safe zone.

Ms Louise Whitings, FAO RAP.

Moving from unsustainable growth development to "green growth".

Malaysia example in peninsula river basins. Kedah and Muda river basins. When there was no competition in water use it was sustainable but water supply sector is know taking more water from the resource than before, and more that agriculture. It leads to a none sustainable situation in term of supplying agriculture and citizens with clean water. Irrigation is still a priority by law, but it could change because of political support towards water supply sector.

China is making huge improvement in water and food security by increasing agriculture land. It gives better food supply to Chinese communities.

At large scale in Asia, a multi sectorial approach is needed to make coherent strategy. Bringing better income for farmers in sectors of rice and other grain/staple producers is an important goal.

Mr V. Ratna Reddy, LNRMI India.

Role of watershed development in India.

Rain fed agriculture, Climate change and river basins are the main issues in this matter.

Hydro-geology and biophysical aspects might be integrated in watershed development. Climate variability have an impact on watershed in river basins.

Opportunities to improve watershed research include farmers adaptation, multi sectorial involvement and scientific work.

Consortium of Africare, Oxfam and WWF have published three reports:

www.panda.org

- Sustainable sugar-cane initiative, - More rice with less water, - More rice for people and more water for the planet.

T4 An eye on Asia

Pr Casey Brown, University of Massachusetts.

Conflicts

- low value or high value water users - water management practice and Climate change - economical quantifiable use of water

Consequences

Asia will not run out of water. Current trend will lead to increasing conflicts. Water cost will increase.

Does India have enough water?

Managing conflicts

Policy interventions can facilitate "orderly transitions"

Mr David Mc Coley, Asian development bank.

Food and water security in Changing climate.

Climate change might dominate things. Uncertainty. Asia is vulnerable. Water and agriculture sector face specific risks. Familiar and "no regrets" actions, and also new options. Responses to be made in infrastructures and agriculture sectors.

Asia and pacific will be four times more affected by disasters. Water security will stress 1 billion people.

Climatological hazards, sea level rise on asian shores. Rain, winds, floods, droughts, heat, fires, pest outbreaks (still to come).

Natural disasters make prices to rise.

Agriculture contribute from 17 to 32% in greenhouse gas emissions.

Water and agriculture sectors need responses about effects of climate change on food and availability.

Social and economic response matters: grain, crop, trade, funds, migrations.

Ms Luna Bharati, IWMI.

Environmental sustainable water availability in Asia.

When allocation becomes important, political decisions, objectives, users, accounting. Water availability evaluation have not been done. Environmental demand?

WWF India has a group of experts for assessment of environment flow. Will be done with sensitive categories. Quantifying the spiritual water requirement of Ganga (Depths and width). Culture, rituals linked to the river.

Final goal of water allocation is to allow transparent and sustainable use of available water resource.

Mr Robert Meaney, Valmont industry.

Talk about import/export of food towards Asian countries. Asia food demand will double by 2050. India 62, China 60, USA 25 millions of hectares irrigated.

Irrigation is more efficient, more than 50% of water is used. US farmers are mostly using rotating water (or linear) spread on cotton. Coffee in Brazil, pasture in New Zealand. Sugar cane in tropical countries. 342.000 machines installed in the world.

The problem is how small farmers will use these machines? Precision irrigation can help to bring the increase of production that Asia needs.

T3 Early warning system, an example for adapting agriculture.

Mr Martin Pasman, agriculture engineer, Argentina.

Irrigation studies in Argentinian borders in water scarce locations. Technology is used for irrigation in this family run company. High efficiency of 90% of water spread on the field. More crops produced by rotational systems called pivots than before with flood. Internet helps to connect data from soil and humidity. In some places there is no underground water, then it needs to improve the system. There is a need to harvest more water inside the soil by allowing this rain water to get into the earth.

Early warning system is based on series of years, monthly and three days data about weather. With Climate change it should be raining more in Argentina, but in maximum or medium data? Rain should increase in the western Argentina. With less water it is possible to produce more crops because of a better strategy for water to get into the soil.

What seeds to plant? What period? What variety? How many seeds per hectare? What fertilizer to apply?

It depends of drought, rain fall or uncertain climate variation.

Small farmers can use the water irrigation system from 10 hectares but it need 3 to 4 years to get financial return.

Federation au Red Cross in Malawi have worked with farmers to understand Climate change. It was based on farmer's experience and reminds about drought and rains.

Observing variation of water level by villagers helps to communicate the problem within villages about water trouble. It is a dynamic way of monitoring Climate change effects and to prevent the population from being victim of it.

29th Wednesday

T4 Efficiency on the food supply chain, Focus on Latin America.

Opening with several food and water managers from Latin America. Mr Felipe Carazo.

What about the supply chain in food industry?

Mr William Sarni, Delloite consulting, director and practice leader, enterprise water strategy.

Water efficiency in food supply chain in Latin America and Caribbean.

Beyond corporate social responsibility. From sustainability 1.0 to sustainability 2.0. Energy relates to the water and food chains. Food traceability, Resource scarcity, Rise of middle class, Energy security are main issues in this presentation. Farm to fork movement means that people wants to know where food comes from. Grow revenue, to Reduce cost and to Reduce risk are factors of companies engagement. Greater risk are creating greater opportunities and new partnership in order to have better solutions. Water stewardship, internal operations, value chain business partners, watershed stakeholders. Preservation, engagement and innovation are three areas of research for companies. Water technology funds are in the middle of the game. Physical, regulatory, reputational risks are big factors from production to product use. Stakeholders take care about water.

Mr Christian Benucci, Pepsi co, South cone.

Innovation for potato sourcing.

Providing people with choice. Improvement of operational costs. Good for all is good for business. Performance with purpose is a promise of Pepsi co. Positive water balance, better water use and providing access to safe water. Pepsi co has created a global sustainable agriculture policy. Preserving the soil, organised water use on fields, labelled chemicals, energy management and food storage, long term farm economic management, social investment inside communities are operational targets. The Rain Forest alliance http://www.rainforest-alliance.org Have very similar commitment charter. Since 2009, Pepsi co is searching to meet requirement of Rain Forest certification. In December 2011 potato plants are 100% certified.

Overall business targets are linked to better efficiency in supply chain and improving consumer choices into sustainable offer.

Mr Greg Kock, Coca Cola Director of global water stewardship. Sugar cane experience in Brazil. At overall level, Coca Cola wants to maintain a secure, sustainable supply of agriculture ingredients. 3500 different products.

A goal in supply chain is to shorten the process of delivering by reducing operation through food traders. Product to consumers as short as possible, it is a major shift. It is including long term ingredient sourcing plan, improving farmer's life style amongst other goals.

Bonsucro is involved is better sugar cane supply chain, farm, mill and refining process. Bonsucro certification is ensuring sustainability of this focus. Coca Cola has started to buy certified sugar cane.

Three main goals for water: source sustainability, run-off, efficiency. Pilot projects in various countries on several continents. 1.53% Bonsucro certified land in Brazil.

Sra Maureen Ballestero,

Wants to start by highlight the fact to be on stage with large companies making business with food, water and gives value to water management. Those meetings are usually organised among water professionals, researchers and technicians. It is a valuable evolution that leads to a new focus on the subject. It is now an evidence that everything is connected, Energy, water, food and business. The poverty is still very present in South America and it will be affected by current decisions on water issues by companies, governments. Law about water will be a key question in Latin America because it is an issue of dealing with business, pollution and use of water within all those countries. If no answer is given by Law, what are we talking about down here?

Lunch session T4

Mr Rolando Martin, coordinador general CLOCSAS. Confederacion latino americana de organizaciones communitarias de servicios de agua y saneamiento.

Community based water management inside. Still 40 millions of people without access to fresh water and 125 without sanitation. Due to bad management all the population do not get water and sanitation, even if the southern continent have good water resources. There are more than 80.000 community based water groups, with 40 millions fellows. The first organisations were created 40 years ago. Women are the most important key in water logistics. Leadership in water management is increasing community life and projects. Water management is important for daily life because this is the one that families are drinking. Preservation of eco systems is important for rehabilitation of land, feeding of rivers, landscape. There is a lack of expertise and water consulting. Also, even if there is a lot pilot projects there are not enough professionals and a lack of information sharing.

Water is the main goal of those organisations, there is a wish to deal with water issue without government support. Responsibility in water management is also in paying costs and water culture helps preserving eco systemas. http://wash-rural.ning.com

Mr Walter Lopez, Chiapas Sierra Madre, Mexico.

1998, 2005 and 2010 were major natural disasters. Taking into account the strategy for sustainable development, all goals are linked to a better water management by communities with central key of family subsistence. Discovering the field is helping to understand the reality of natural water systems. Visits are benefiting to a better analysis of water situation. Also changing dates for spreading seeds of maize is creating a trouble for beans growing. It was a solution coming from old culture of Mayas, but the Climate change is a threat on this system of maize-bean- pumpkin agriculture within the same piece of land. (Mais frijoles calabaza)