Bilan carbone (Global carbon budget)

Róisín Moriarty

Informations

• Publié par: Le_Parisien
• Publié le: 22 septembre 2014
• Nombre de lectures: 392
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

Extrait

Global Carbon Budget 2014

Published on 21 September 2014 PowerPoint version 1 (released 21 September 2014)

Contributors 88 people - 68

Corinne Le QuéréTyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Uni. of East Anglia, UK Róisín MoriartyTyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Uni. of East Anglia, UK Robbie AndrewCenter for International Climate & Environmental Research - Oslo (CICERO), Norway Glen PetersCenter for International Climate & Environmental Research - Oslo (CICERO), Norway Pierre FriedlingsteinCollege of Engineering, Mathematics & Physical Sciences, Uni. of Exeter, UK Mike RaupachClimate Change Institute, Australian National University, Australia Pep CanadellGlobal Carbon Project, CSIRO Marine & Atmospheric Research, Australia Philippe CiaisLSCE, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, France Steve JonesTyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Uni. of East Anglia, UK Stephen SitchCollege of Life & Environmental Sciences Uni. of Exeter, UK Pieter TansNat. Oceanic & Atmospheric Admin., Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL), US Almut ArnethKarlsruhe Inst. of Tech., Inst. Met. & Climate Res./Atmospheric Envir. Res., Germany Tom BodenCarbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Laurent BoppLSCE, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, France Yann BozecCNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France Frédéric ChevallierLSCE, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, France Cathy CoscaNat. Oceanic & Atmospheric Admin. & Pacific Mar. Env. Lab. (NOAA/PMEL), US Harry HarrisClimatic Research Unit (CRU), Uni. of East Anglia, UK Mario HoppemaAWI Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine, Bremerhaven, Germany Skee HoughtonWoods Hole Research Centre (WHRC), US Jo HouseCabot Inst., Dept. of Geography, University of Bristol, UK Atul JainDept. of Atmospheric Sciences, Uni. of Illinois, US Truls JohannessenGeophysical Inst., Uni. of Bergen & Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Norway Etsushi KatoCenter for Global Envir. Research (CGER), Nat. Inst. for Envir. Studies (NIES), Japan Ralph KeelingUni. of California - San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, US Kees Klein GoldewijkPBL Netherlands Envir. Assessment Agency & Utrecht Uni., Netherlands Vassillis KitidiPlymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK Charles KovenEarth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, US Camilla LandaGeophysical Inst., Uni. of Bergen & Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Norway Peter LandschützerEnvironmental Physics Group, IBPD, ETH Zürich, Switzerland Andy LentonCSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Ivan LimaWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, US Gregg MarlandResearch Inst. for Environment, Energy & Economics, Appalachian State Uni., US Jeremy MathisNat. Oceanic & Atmospheric Admin. & Pacific Mar. Env. Lab. (NOAA/PMEL), US Nicholas MetzlSorbonne Universités, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, LOCEAN/IPSL Laboratory, Paris, France Yukihiro NojiriCenter for Global Envir. Research (CGER), Nat. Inst. for Envir. Studies (NIES), Japan Are OlsenGeophysical Inst., Uni. of Bergen & Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Norway Tsuneo OnoFisheries Research Agency, Japan Wouter PetersDepartment of Meteorology and Air Quality, Wageningen Uni., Netherlands Benjamin PfeilGeophysical Inst., Uni. of Bergen & Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Norway Ben PoulterLSCE CEA-CNRS-UVS France

organisations - 12

countries

Pierre RegnierDept. of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Uni. Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium Christian RödenbeckMax Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Germany Shu SaitoMarine Division, Global Environment & Marine Dept., Japan Meteorological Agency, Japan Joe SailsburyOcean Processes Analysis Laboratory, Uni. of New Hampshire, US Ute SchusterCollege of Engineering, Mathematics & Physical Sciences, Uni. of Exeter, UK Jörg SchwingerGeophysical Inst., Uni. of Bergen & Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Norway Roland SéférianCNRM-GAME, Météo-France/CNRS, Toulouse, France Joachim SegschneiderMax Planck Institute for Meteorology, Germany Tobias SteinhoffGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany Beni StockerPhysics Inst., & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, Uni. of Bern, Switzerland Adrianna SuttonJoint Inst. for the Study of the Atm. & Ocean, Uni. of Washington & NOAA/PMEL, US Taka TakahashiLamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, US Brönte TilbrookCSIRO Marine & Atm. Res., Antarctic Cli. & Ecosystems Co-op. Res. Centre, Australia Guido van der WerfFaculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands Nicolas ViovyLSCE, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, France Ying-Ping WangCSIRO Ocean and Atmosphere, Victoria, Australia Rik WanninkhofNOAA/AOML, US Andy WiltshireMet Office Hadley Centre, UK Ning ZengDepartment of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Uni. of Maryland, US Freidlingstein et al. 2014, Raupach et al. 2014 & Fuss et al. 2014 (not already mentioned above) J RogeljInst. for Atm. and Climate Science ETH Zürich, Switzerland & IIASA, Laxemburg, Austria R KnuttiInst. for Atm. and Climate Science ETH Zürich, Switzerland G LudererPotsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Potsdam, Germany M SchaeferClimate Analytics, Berlin, Germany & Env. Sys. Anal. Agency, Wageningen Uni., Netherlands Detlef van VuurenPBL Netherlands Env. Assess. Agency, Bilthoven & CISD,Utrecht Uni., Netherlands Steven DavidDepartment of Earth System Science, University of California, California, US Frank JotzoCrawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Sabine FussMercator Research Institute on Global Commons & Climate Change, Berlin, Germany Massimo TavoniFEEM, CMCC & Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy Rob JacksonSchool of Earth Sci., Woods Inst. for the Env., & Percourt Inst. for Energy, Stanford Uni, US. Florian KraxmerIIASA, Laxemburg, Austria Naki NakicenovicIIASA, Laxemburg, Austria Ayyoob SharifiNational Inst. For Env. Studies, Onogawa, Tsukuba Ibaraki, Japan Pete SmithInst. Of Bio. & Env. Sciences, Uni. Of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK Yoshiki YamagataNational Inst. For Env. Studies, Onogawa, Tsukuba Ibaraki, Japan Science Committee | Atlas Engineers atLSCE, France(not already mentioned above) Philippe Peylin | Anna Peregon | Patrick Brockmann | Vanessa Maigné | Pascal Evano Atlas Designers WeDoData, France Karen Bastien | Brice Terdjman | Vincent Le Jeune | Anthony Vessière Communications Team Asher Minns Owen Gaffne Lizzie Sa r Michael Hoevel

Data Access

More information, data sources and data files: www.globalcarbonproject.org Contact:[e-mail]

More information, data sources and data files: www.globalcarbonatlas.org Contact:[e-mail]

All the data is shown in billion tonnes CO (GtCO ) 2 2

15 1 Gigatonne (Gt) = 1 billion tonnes = 1×10 g = 1 Petagram (Pg)

1 kg carbon (C) = 3.664 kg carbon dioxide (CO ) 2

1 GtC = 3.664 billion tonnes CO = 3.664 GtCO 2 2

Disclaimer The Global Carbon Budget and the information presented here are intended for those interested in learning about the carbon cycle, and how human activities are changing it. The information contained herein is provided as a public service, with the understanding that the Global Carbon Project team make no warranties, either expressed or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness, reliability, or suitability of the information.

Executive Summary

Fossil Fuel and Cement Emissions

Global fossil fuel and cement emissions: 36.1±1.8 GtCO in 2013, 61% over 1990 2 Pro ection for 2014 : 37.0±, 65% over 19901.9 GtCO

Estimates for 2011, 2012, and 2013 are preliminary Source:CDIAC;Le Quéré et al 2014;Global Carbon Budget 2014

is±5% for rd deviation ely” range)

Observed Emissions and Emissions Scenarios

Emissions are on track for 3.2–5.4ºC “likely” increase in temperature above pre-industrial Large and sustained mitigation is required to keep below 2ºC

Data: CDIAC/GCP/IPCC/Fuss et al 2014

Over 1000 scenarios from the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report are shown Source:Fuss et al 2014;CDIAC;Global Carbon Budget 2014

Top Fossil Fuel Emitters (Absolute)

The top four emitters in 2013 covered 58% of global emissions China 28% , United States 14% , EU28 10% , India 7%

Bunkers fuel used for international transport is 3% of global emissions Statistical differences between the global estimates and sum of national totals is 3% of global emissions Source:CDIAC;Le Quéré et al 2014;Global Carbon Budget 2014

Top Fossil Fuel Emitters (Per Capita)

China’s per capita emissions have passed the EU28 and are 45% above the global average

Source:CDIAC;Le Quéré et al 2014;Global Carbon Budget 2014

Consumption-based emissions (carbon footprint)

Allocating emissions to the consumption of goods and services provides an alternative perspective on emission drivers

Consumption-based emissions are calculated by adjusting the standard production-based emissions to account for international trade Source:Le Quéré et al 2014;Peters et al 2011;Global Carbon Project 2014

Alternative Ranking of Countries

Depending on perspective, the significance of individual countries changes

GDP: Gross Domestic Product in Market Exchange Rates (MER) and Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Source:CDIAC;United Nations;Le Quéré et al 2014;Global Carbon Budget 2014