Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Africa

Kym Anderson And William A. Masters

Description

The vast majority of the world's poorest households depend on farming for their livelihoods. During the 1960s and 1970s, most developing countries imposed pro-urban and anti-agricultural policies, while many high-income countries restricted agricultural imports and subsidized their farmers. Both sets of policies inhibited economic growth and poverty alleviation in developing countries. Although progress has been made over the past two decades to reduce those policy biases, many trade- and welfare-reducing price distortions remain between agriculture and other sectors and within the agricultural sector of both rich and poor countries.
Comprehensive empirical studies of the disarray in world agricultural markets appeared approximately 20 years ago. Since then, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has provided estimates each year of market distortions in high-income countries, but there have been no comparable estimates for the world's developing countries. This volume is the third in a series (other volumes cover Asia, Europe's transition economies, and Latin America and the Caribbean) that not only fills that void for recent years but extends the estimates in a consistent and comparable way back in time-and provides analytical narratives for scores of countries that shed light on the evolving nature and extent of policy interventions over the past half-century.
'Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Africa' provides an overview of the evolution of distortions to agricultural incentives caused by price and trade policies in the Arab Republic of Egypt plus 20 countries that account for about of 90 percent of Sub-Saharan Africa's population, farm households, agricultural output, and overall GDP. Sectoral, trade, and exchange rate policies in the region have changed greatly since the 1950s, and there have been substantial reforms since the 1980s. Nonetheless, numerous price distortions in this region remain, others have been added in recent years, and there has also been some backsliding, such as in Zimbabwe. The new empirical indicators in these country studies provide a strong evidence-based foundation for assessing the successes and failures of the past and for evaluating policy options for the years ahead.

Informations

• Publié par: world-bank-publications
• Publié le: 13 mars 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 21
• EAN13: 9780821376645
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

Extrait

DISTORTIONS
TO AGRICULTURAL
INCENTIVES
INAFRICA
Editors
Kym Anderson • William A. Masters DISTORTIONS TO
AGRICULTURAL
INCENTIVES
IN AFRICADISTORTIONS TO
AGRICULTURAL
INCENTIVES
IN AFRICA
Kym Anderson
and William A. Masters, Editors
Washington, D.C.© 2009 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
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Cover design: Tomoko Hirata/World Bank.
Cover photo: Arne Hoel/World Bank Photo Library.
ISBN: 978-0-8213-7652-2
eISBN: 978-0-8213-7664-5
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7652-2
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Distortions to agricultural incentives in Africa / edited by Kym Anderson and William A. Masters.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8213-7652-2 — ISBN 978-0-8213-7664-5 (electronic)
1. Agriculture—Economic aspects—Africa. 2. Agriculture and state—Africa 3. Agricultural subsidies—
Africa. 4. Africa—Economic policy. I. Anderson, Kym. II. Masters, William A.
HD2118.D57 2008
338.1'86—dc22
2008037334Dedication
To the authors of the country case studies, for their narratives and for generating the
time series of distortion estimates that underpin the studies. CONTENTS
Foreword xvii
Acknowledgments xxi
Contributors xxiii
Abbreviations xxix
Map: The Focus Economies of Africa xxxi
PART I INTRODUCTION 1
1 Introduction and Summary 3
Kym Anderson and William A. Masters
PART II NORTH AFRICA 69
2 Arab Republic of Egypt 71
James Cassing, Saad Nassar, Gamal Siam, and Hoda Moussa
PART III SOUTHERN AFRICA 99
3 Madagascar 101
Fenohasina Maret
4 Mozambique 127
Andrea Alfieri, Channing Arndt, and Xavier Cirera
5 South Africa 147
Johann Kirsten, Lawrence Edwards, and Nick Vink
6 Zambia 175
Peter Robinson, Jones Govereh, and Daniel Ndlela
7 Zimbabwe 205
Daniel Ndlela and Peter Robinson
viiviii Contents
PART IV EASTERN AFRICA 229
8 Ethiopia 231
Shahidur Rashid, Meron Assefa, and Gezahegn Ayele
9 Kenya 253
Alex Winter-Nelson and Gem Argwings-Kodhek
10 Sudan 283
Hamid Faki and Abdelmoneim Taha
11 Tanzania 307
Oliver Morrissey and Vincent Leyaro
12 Uganda 329
Alan Matthews, Pierre Claquin, and Jacob Opolot
PART V WESTERN AFRICA 359
13 Cameroon 361
Ernest Bamou and William A. Masters
14 Côte d’Ivoire 385
Philip Abbott
15 Ghana 413
Jonathan Brooks, Andre Croppenstedt,
and Emmanuel Aggrey-Fynn
16 Nigeria 441
Peter Walkenhorst
17 Senegal 463
William A. Masters
18 Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, and Togo 485
John Baffes
Appendix A: Methodology for Measuring Distortions 507
to Agricultural Incentives
Kym Anderson, Marianne Kurzweil, Will Martin,
Damiano Sandri, and Ernesto Valenzuela
Appendix B: Annual Estimates of Distortions to 539
Agricultural Incentives in Africa
Ernesto Valenzuela, Marian Kurzweil, Johanna Croser,
Signe Nelgen, and Kym Anderson
Index 607