AXA ART teams up Answers to questions

Description

• cours - matière potentielle : de plat

AXA ART takes you through the restoration process London, December 2011 For further information please contact: Frances Fogel Marketing & Partnerships Manager, AXA ART UK Tel: [phone], Mobile: [phone], E-Mail: AXA ART teams up with specialist conservator, Julia Nagle, to restore a torn Albrecht Adam painting Amidst the excitement of purchasing a new piece of art it can be difficult to bear in mind the possibilities of loss or damage that face your new investment.

• paint layer
• pieces of art
• area of flat colour
• restoration process london
• damage
• conservation
• painting
• paintings
• art
• area

Sujets

• Conservation
• Northumbria University
• Florence
• University of Cambridge
• Royaume-Uni
• Painting
• Damage

Informations

• Publié par: irra0
• Nombre de lectures: 68
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

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Proving Quadrilaterals 6.3 are Parallelograms
GOAL 1 PROVING QUADRILATERALS ARE PARALLELOGRAMS
What you should learn
GOAL 1 Prove that a The activity illustrates one way to prove that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
quadrilateral is a
parallelogram.
ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DEVELOPING CONCEPTSGOAL 2 Use coordinate
Developinggeometry with parallel- Investigating Properties of ParallelogramsConceptsograms.
1 Cut four straws to form two congruent pairs.Why you should learn it
2 Partly unbend two paperclips, link their To understand how
smaller ends, and insert the larger ends intoreal-life tools work, such as
two cut straws, as shown. Join the rest of the bicycle derailleur in
Ex. 27, which lets you change the straws to form a quadrilateral with
gears when you are opposite sides congruent, as shown.
biking uphill.
3 Change the angles of your quadrilateral.
Is your quadrilateral always a parallelogram?
THEOREMS
THEOREM 6.6 A B
If both pairs of opposite sides of a
quadrilateral are congruent, then
D Cthe quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
ABCD is a parallelogram.
THEOREM 6.7 A B
If both pairs of opposite angles of a
quadrilateral are congruent, then the
D Cquadrilateral is a parallelogram.
ABCD is a parallelogram.
THEOREM 6.8 A B
(180 x) x
If an angle of a quadrilateral is supplementary
to both of its consecutive angles, then the x
D C
ABCD is a parallelogram.
THEOREM 6.9 A B
If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect
each other, then the quadrilateral is a
D Cparallelogram.
ABCD is a parallelogram.
338 Chapter 6 Quadrilaterals
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The proof of Theorem 6.6 is given in Example 1. You will be asked to prove
Theorem 6.7, Theorem 6.8, and Theorem 6.9 in Exercises 32–36.
EXAMPLE 1 Proof of Theorem 6.6
Proof Prove Theorem 6.6. C B
Æ Æ Æ Æ
GIVEN AB £ CD, AD £ CB
PROVE ABCD is a parallelogram.
D A
Statements Reasons
Æ Æ Æ Æ
1. AB £ CD, AD £ CB 1. Given
Æ Æ
2. AC £ AC 2. Reflexive Property of Congruence
3. ¤ABC £ ¤CDA 3. SSS Congruence Postulate
4. ™BAC £ ™DCA, 4. Corresponding parts of £ ◊ are £.
™DAC £ ™BCA
Æ Æ Æ Æ
5. AB ∞ CD, AD ∞ CB 5. Alternate Interior Angles Converse
6. ABCD is a ⁄. 6. Definition of parallelogram
EXAMPLE 2 Proving Quadrilaterals are Parallelograms
As the sewing box below is opened, the trays are always parallel to each
other. Why?
2 in.
2.75 in.
2.75 in.
2 in.
FOCUS ON
APPLICATIONS
SOLUTIONCONTAINERS
Many containers, Each pair of hinges are opposite sides of a quadrilateral. The 2.75 inch sides of
such as tackle boxes,
the quadrilateral are opposite and congruent. The 2 inch sides are also opposite
jewelry boxes, and tool
and congruent. Because opposite sides of the quadrilateral are congruent, it is aboxes, use parallelograms in
parallelogram. By the definition of a parallelogram, opposite sides are parallel, their design to ensure that
the trays stay level. so the trays of the sewing box are always parallel.
6.3 Proving Quadrilaterals are Parallelograms 339
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RTheorem 6.10 gives another way to prove a quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
THEOREM
THEOREM 6.10 B C
If one pair of opposite sides of a
quadrilateral are congruent and parallel,
Athen the quadrilateral is a parallelogram. D
ABCD is a parallelogram.
THEOREM
EXAMPLE 3 Proof of Theorem 6.10
Proof Prove Theorem 6.10. C B
Æ Æ Æ Æ
GIVEN BC ∞ DA, BC £ DA
PROVE ABCD is a parallelogram. D A
Æ Æ
Plan for Proof Show that ¤BAC £ ¤DCA, so AB £ CD. Use Theorem 6.6.
Æ Æ
BC ∞ DA åDAC £åBCA
†BAC £†DCA
Given Alt. Int. √ Thm.
SAS Congruence Post.Æ Æ
AC £ AC
Æ ÆRefl. Prop. of Cong. AB £ CD
Æ Æ Corresp. parts
BC £ DA
of £ ◊ are £.
Given
ABCD is a ¥.
If opp. sides of a quad.
are £, then it is a ¥.. . . . . . . . . .
You have studied several ways to prove that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram. In
the box below, the first way is also the definition of a parallelogram.
CONCEPTWAYS PROVING QUADRILATERALS ARE PARALLELOGRAMS
SUMMARY
• Show that both pairs of opposite sides are parallel.
• Show that both pairs of opposite sides are congruent.
• Show that both pairs of opposite angles are congruent.
• Show that one angle is supplementary to both consecutive angles.
• Show that the diagonals bisect each other.
• Show that one pair of opposite sides are congruent and parallel.
340 Chapter 6 QuadrilateralsT
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GOAL 2 USING COORDINATE GEOMETRY
When a figure is in the coordinate plane, you can use the Distance Formula to
prove that sides are congruent and you can use the slope formula to prove that
sides are parallel.
EXAMPLE 4 Using Properties of Parallelograms
yShow that A(2, º1), B(1, 3), C(6, 5), and D(7, 1) C(6, 5)
are the vertices of a parallelogram.
B(1, 3)
SOLUTION 1 D(7, 1)
There are many ways to solve this problem. x1
A(2, 1)
STUDENT HELP Method 1 Show that opposite sides have the
same slope, so they are parallel.
Study Tip
Because you don’t know Æ 3 º (º1)
Slope of AB = = º4the measures of the 1 º 2
angles of ABCD, you can
Æ 1 º 5not use Theorems 6.7 or Slope of CD = = º4
7 º 66.8 in Example 4.
Æ 5 º 3 2
Slope of BC = =
6 º 1 5
Æ º1 º 1 2
Slope of DA = =
2 º 7 5
Æ Æ Æ Æ
AB and CD have the same slope so they are parallel. Similarly, BC ∞ DA.
Because opposite sides are parallel, ABCD is a parallelogram.
Method 2 Show that opposite sides have the same length.
2 2AB = (1º2) +[3º(º1)] = 17
2 2CD = (7º6) +(1º5) = 17
2 2BC = (6º1)+(5º3) = 29
2 2DA = (2º7) +(º1º1) = 29
Æ Æ Æ Æ
AB £ CD and BC £ DA. Because both pairs of opposite sides are congruent,
ABCD is a parallelogram.
Method 3 Show that one pair of opposite sides is congruent and parallel.
Æ Æ
Find the slopes and lengths of AB and CD as shown in Methods 1 and 2.
Æ Æ
STUDENT HELP Slope of AB = Slope of CD = º4
HOMEWORK HELP
AB = CD = 17Visit our Web site
www.mcdougallittell.com Æ Æ
AB and CD are congruent and parallel, so ABCD is a parallelogram.for extra examples.
6.3 Proving Quadrilaterals are Parallelograms 341
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GUIDED PRACTICE
Concept Check 1. Is a hexagon with opposite sides parallel called a parallelogram? Explain.
Skill Check Decide whether you are given enough information to determine that the
quadrilateral is a parallelogram. Explain your reasoning.
2. 3. 4.65
115 65
Describe how you would prove that ABCD is a parallelogram.
5. 6. 7.BABA BA
CD CD CD
8. Describe at least three ways to show that A(0, 0), B(2, 6), C(5, 7), and D(3, 1)
are the vertices of a parallelogram.
PRACTICE AND APPLICATIONS
STUDENT HELP LOGICAL REASONING Are you given enough information to determine
whether the quadrilateral is a parallelogram? Explain.
Extra Practice
to help you master 9. 10. 11.
skills is on p. 813.
12. 13. 14.60 120
66
120
LOGICAL REASONING Describe how to prove that ABCD is a
STUDENT HELP parallelogram. Use the given information.
HOMEWORK HELP
15. ¤ABC £ ¤CDA 16. ¤AXB £ ¤CXD
Example 1: Exs. 15, 16,
32, 33 AB AB
Example 2: Exs. 21,
28, 31
X
Example 3: Exs. 32, 33
Example 4: Exs. 21–26,
34–36
DC DC
342 Chapter 6 QuadrilateralsEE
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xy USING ALGEBRA What value of x will make the polygon a parallelogram?
17. 18. 19.70 x 2x (x 10)
(x 10)110 x
20. VISUAL THINKING Draw a quadrilateral that has one pair of congruent sides
and one pair of parallel sides but that is not a parallelogram.
COORDINATE GEOMETRY Use the given definition or theorem to prove
that ABCD is a parallelogram. Use A(º1, 6), B(3, 5), C(5, º3), and D(1, º2).
21. Theorem 6.6 22. Theorem 6.9
23. definition of a parallelogram 24. Theorem 6.10
USING COORDINATE GEOMETRY Prove that the points represent the
vertices of a parallelogram. Use a different method for each exercise.
25. J(º6, 2), K(º1, 3), L(2, º3), M(º3, º4)
26. P(2, 5), Q(8, 4), R(9, º4), S(3, º3)
FOCUS ON 27. CHANGING GEARS When
APPLICATIONS
you change gears on a bicycle, the
derailleur moves the chain to the
new gear. For the derailleur at the
right, AB = 1.8 cm, BC = 3.6 cm,
CD = 1.8 cm, and DA = 3.6 cm.
Æ Æ
Explain why AB and CD are always
parallel when the derailleur moves.
28. COMPUTERS Many word processors
have a feature that allows a regular letter to
be changed to an oblique (slanted) letter.
DERAILLEURS The diagram at the right shows some regular
(named from the letters and their oblique version