History of Chemistry in The Dow Chemical Company

Ibrahim Skaff

Description

• exposé

1History of Chemistry in The Dow Chemical Company Etcyl Blair May 18, 2006 Presentation by Etcyl Blair, ACS Central Regional Meeting, May 16-20, 2006 Thank you for inviting me to be a part of this symposium. Today I would like to share with you some history of chemistry in The Dow Chemical Company in Midland, Michigan. While I spent 35 years in Research and Development at Dow and witnessed some of the events I will be discussing today, most I know by study and from stories told by others.

• building blocks for a vast chemical enterprise
• development by a management team
• chemicals from brine
• herbert h. dow
• biochemical research laboratory
• medal award
• dow
• research

Sujets

• Exposé
• Brandt
• Growth stock
• Saginaw
• Dow Chemical Company
• Case Western Reserve University

Informations

• Publié par: ontui
• Nombre de lectures: 11
• Langue: English

Extrait

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Surat Al-Ankabut (The Spider) ......................................................................................... 3
Surat Ar-Rum (The Romans) ............................................................................................ 7
Surat Luqman ...................................................................................................................10
Surat As-Sajdah (Prostration) ..........................................................................................15
Surat Al-Ahzab (The allied parties)..................................................................................18
Surat Saba’ (Sheba)...........................................................................................................21
Surat Fatir (The Originator).............................................................................................23
Surat Ya-Seen....................................................................................................................24
Surat As-Saffat (The ones ranged in ranks).....................................................................26
Surat Sad ...........................................................................................................................27
Surat Az-Zumar (The Hordes) .........................................................................................30
Surat Ghafir (The Forgiver) .............................................................................................34
Surat Fussilat (Expounded) ..............................................................................................43
Surat Ash-Shura (Counsel)...............................................................................................44
Surat Az-Zukhruf (Decoration)........................................................................................45
Surat Ad-Dukhan (Smoke) ...............................................................................................47
Surat Al-Jathiyah (Kneeling)............................................................................................48
Surat Al-Ahqaf (The Sand Dunes)....................................................................................48
Surat Muhammad .............................................................................................................51
Surat Al-Fath (The Conquest) ..........................................................................................53
Surat Al-Hujuraat (The Apartments) ..............................................................................57
Surat Qaf (The Witnessed Day)........................................................................................60
Surat Adh-Dhariyat (The Winnowers).............................................................................62
Surat At-Tur (The Mount)................................................................................................64
Surat An-Najm (The Star) ................................................................................................65
Surat Al-Qamar (The Moon) ............................................................................................67
Surat Ar-Rahman (The All-Merciful) ..............................................................................69
Surat Al-Waqi’ah (The Event)..........................................................................................70
Surat Al-Hadid (Iron) .......................................................................................................71
Surahs of the Twenty-Eighth Part....................................................................................76
Surahs of the Twenty-Ninth Part......................................................................................91
Surahs of the Thirtieth Part............................................................................................100 Surat Al-Ankabut (The Spider)

Surat Al-Ankabut is Makkan. It was revealed after Surat Ar-Rum. It comes after Surat Al-
Qasas in the Holy Qur’an. It consists of 69 ayahs.

The objective of the Surah is made clear from the very beginning in what can be translated
as, “Alif-Lâm-Mîm. [These letters are one of the miracles of the Qur’an, and none but
Allah (Alone) knows their meanings.] 2. Do people think that they will be left alone
because they say: “We believe,” and will not be tested…” (TMQ, 1-2:29). O believers,
strive to overcome trials and have fortitude and self-control. Thus, it is the Surah of trials.

These trials are an inevitable part of a Muslim’s life. They are a sunnah of the universe
ordained by Allah (SWT) upon earth. Some may ask, ‘Why are we sent these trials? Would
it not have been better for us to live a peaceful life, praying, fasting and worshipping Allah
(SWT) with no trials or tragedies?’ Those who ask these questions have not understood the
Allah’s (SWT) Wisdom and Intention in creating this world. This world was created as a trial
for the hereafter and without these trials, it would not be possible to rank people in [the
different levels of] paradise. It would not be possible to distinguish between those who
deserve the highest ferdaws (the highest level of paradise), those who deserve the lowest
level of paradise, and those who do not deserve to enter paradise at all until they pass through
some punishment. Accordingly, it is a necessity for the Justice of Allah (SWT) to put His
Worshippers through trials in order to distinguish the bad from the good.

Sunnah of the universe

As such, the beginning of the Surah is what can be translated as, “Alif-Lâm-Mîm. [These
letters are one of the miracles of the Qur’an, and none but Allah (Alone) knows their
meanings.] 2. Do people think that they will be left alone because they say: “We
believe,” and will not be tested…” (TMQ, 1-2:29). Is it reasonable to think you are
believers just because you say, “We believe” with your lips? Even if you are sincere in
saying so, there must be a test, “and will not be tested…”

The rule is that believers are put through afflictions so do not assume that they occur to you
alone. In fact, the third ayah states that these ordeals are a sunnah of the universe in what can
be translated as, “And We indeed tested those who were before them” (TMQ, 3:29). Why
do You do this Allah (SWT)? The answer comes in the same ayah in what can be translated
as, “And Allah will certainly make (it) known (the truth of) those who are true, and will
certainly make (it) known (the falsehood of) those who are liars, (although Allah knows
all that before putting them to test)” (TMQ, 3:29). The tests reveal the true believer from
those who allege belief. Accordingly, ayah eleven reveals the same meaning in what can be
translated as, “Verily, Allah knows those who believe, and verily, He knows the
hypocrites [i.e. Allah will test the people with good and hard days to discriminate the
good from the wicked, although Allah knows all that before putting them to test]”
(TMQ, 11:29).

Here, a question presents itself: Would not Allah (SWT) know as He is the Knower of the
entire Unknown, who will succeed in this trial and endure and who will fall and go astray?
Then why the need for affliction? The answer is that Allah (SWT) sends these trials so that
you humans know, that they can be a proof against you on the Day of Judgment.
It would have been sufficient for Allah (SWT) to tell you on the Day of Judgment; “I know
that if you had been in such a situation you would have done such and such. Go and enter
hellfire.” But Allah (SWT) with His Wisdom, Mercy and Justice sends us these trials in this
life and reckons your actual actions in the hereafter as explained in what can be translated as,
“And Allah will certainly make (it) known (the truth of) those who are true, and will
certainly make (it) known (the falsehood of) those who are liars, (although Allah knows
all that before putting them to test)” (TMQ, 3:29).

Do not suppose, Brother in Islam, that this world is effortless and devoid of troubles, even if
you are a believer. Faith will not relieve you from the trials of this world and the person is
afflicted according to his or her faith. This is why Allah (SWT) says in Surat Al-Ankabut
that if you crave for Allah’s rewards, you should have patience and strive to overcome these
trials and tests. Do so until you meet Allah (SWT) and He will reward you because meeting
Allah (SWT) is near and inevitable as is pointed out in what can be translated as, “Whoever
hopes for the Meeting with Allah, then Allah’s Term is surely coming and He is the All-
Hearer, the All-Knower” (TMQ, 5:29). It should not come to mind amidst all this talk
about trials that Allah (SWT) needs your striving. Your striving and endurance are for you
alone. Allah (SWT) is self-sufficient of our deeds, our worship and of the whole world. We
are the in