Conference on Turbulence and Interactions TI2006 May June Porquerolles France

Mario Ditaranto

Description

Niveau: Supérieur, Doctorat, Bac+8
Conference on Turbulence and Interactions TI2006, May 29 – June 2, 2006, Porquerolles, France Influence Of Acoustic Field On Turbulence Characteristics Mario Ditaranto*, Carmine Iandoli** * SINTEF Energy Research, Dept. of Energy Processes, 7465Trondheim, Norway ** Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Dept of Chemistry, 7491 Trondheim, Norway ABSTRACT A major problem hindering the development of low NOx gas turbines has been the occurrence of thermoacoustic instabilities. Since combustion in engines is controlled by turbulence, it appears necessary that to be able to predict and model the influence of acoustic waves on combustion, one must first understand the direct influence of acoustic oscillations on turbulence. The present work aims at studying how acoustic energy is distributed on the turbulence spectrum. In addition to the effect on the turbulence intensity, it is important to elucidate the modes of energy transfer within the spectrum, depending on the excitation frequency. The behaviour of a controlled grid generated turbulent field under acoustic excitation has been investigated experimentally. Although difficulties in the experiments limited the accuracy and extent of the measurements, it was found that the acoustic waves passing through the turbulent field impose a velocity fluctuation that appears as a strong peak in the spectrum. In this sense, sound perturbs the isotropy of the turbulence. However, the turbulent kinetic energy remained nearly unchanged. These preliminary conclusions can only exclude a major influence of the acoustics on turbulence, while tiny anisotropies might have not been detected by our measurement chain.

• flow well


• velocity measurements


• turbulence energy


• effect


• turbulent field


• mean velocity


• generated turbulence


• grid generated


• fluid flow

Sujets

• Analysis
• Cambridge University
• Effect
• Fundamental diagram of traffic flow

Informations

• Publié par: profil-zyak-2012
• Nombre de lectures: 19
• Langue: English

Extrait

Conference on Turbulence and Interactions TI2006, May 29 – June 2, 2006, Porquerolles, France Influence Of Acoustic Field On Turbulence Characteristics Mario Ditaranto*, Carmine Iandoli** * SINTEF Energy Research, Dept. of Energy Processes, 7465Trondheim, Norway ** Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Dept of Chemistry, 7491 Trondheim, Norway ABSTRACT A major problem hindering the development of low NOx gas turbines has been the occurrence of thermoacoustic instabilities. Since combustion in engines is controlled by turbulence, it appears necessary that to be able to predict and model the influence of acoustic waves on combustion, one must first understand the direct influence of acoustic oscillations on turbulence. The present work aims at studying how acoustic energy is distributed on the turbulence spectrum. In addition to the effect on the turbulence intensity, it is important to elucidate the modes of energy transfer within the spectrum, depending on the excitation frequency. The behaviour of a controlled grid generated turbulent field under acoustic excitation has been investigated experimentally. Although difficulties in the experiments limited the accuracy and extent of the measurements, it was found that the acoustic waves passing through the turbulent field impose a velocity fluctuation that appears as a strong peak in the spectrum. In this sense, sound perturbs the isotropy of the turbulence. However, the turbulent kinetic energy remained nearly unchanged. These preliminary conclusions can only exclude a major influence of the acoustics on turbulence, while tiny anisotropies might have not been detected by our measurement chain. turbulence energy should be related to acoustics. In INTRODUCTION accordance with the Lighthill analogy, we assume that, far from the source, acoustics does not affect density, but Turbulence  acoustic interactions in jets and shear layers mostly the velocity field. In the following, it is shown have been largely investigated in literature ([1][2][3] how the Reynolds stresses are affected by mean shears at amongst others). Excitation of shear or mixing layers are different regimes. described and analysed, when forcing occurs at Mean velocity gradients, such as the one generated by characteristic frequencies. As a consequence the complete acoustic waves, have an effect on both production and dynamic field development is affected. Indeed, shear and dissipation of turbulence energy. The effect that different mixing layers are the mechanisms which in turn generate frequencies and amplitudes of the waves have on turbulence at lower scales. Therefore these studies focus development of turbulence can be investigated on the on the action of pressure waves on the source of basis of the Reynoldsstresses equations: turbulence, but the direct effect on turbulence itself (on a turbulence spectrum for example) does either not appear D∂ 2 u uu uu Pu u i j + ki j = ij + Π ij −ε ij −ν∇ i j (1) directly or is overridden. The question of how acoustic DT x ∂ k energy is distributed on the turbulence spectrum remains. where: In addition to amplification of the turbulence intensity, it is important to elucidate the spectral energy transfer ∂U j ∂U i depending on which region of the spectrum the excitation P= −u u−u u  (2) ij ik jk ∂x∂x is applied. To our knowledge, no study concentrated on k k these aspects. Since combustion in industrial applications is the production tensor is always controlled by turbulence, it appears necessary that to be able to capture and model the influence of 1∂p'∂p' u u Π ij = − i + j  (3) acoustic waves on combustion, one must first understand x x ρ∂ j ∂ i the direct influence of acoustic oscillations on turbulence. is the velocitypressuregradient tensor TURBULENCE MODELLING OF THE DECAY OF u ∂u ∂ j ACOUSTIC WAVES i ε ij =2ν  (4) ∂x k ∂x k The effect of acoustics on the kinetic energy is the dissipation tensor. The last two terms in Eq. (4) and To investigate acousticsturbulence interaction and the the second L.H.S. terms in Eq. (1) are not in closed form effect on production and dissipation of turbulence energy, and have to be modelled. we have chosen to perturb a gridgenerated turbulence Production of turbulence kinetic energy should be field. In this case the whole turbulence kinetic energy is expected in case of convolution of velocity fluctuations generated at the grid, and from the grid on it decays with mean velocity gradients (Eq. (2)). In general, when uniformly. Therefore, any further increase of the dealing with gridgenerated turbulence, the mean field 1