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"15
HISTORY
FOR READY REFERENCE
FRO)[ THE BEST
HISTORIAXS, BIOGIL\PIIERS, AND SPECIALISTS
THEIR OWN WORDS IN A COMPLETE
SYSTEM OF HISTORY
FOR ALL USES, EXTENDING TO ALL COUNTRIES AND SUBJECTS,
A'lD REPRESENTING FOR BOTH READERS AND STUDENTS THE BETTER AND
NEWER LITERATURE OF HISTORY IN THE
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
BY
J.N.LARNED
WITH NUMEROUS HISTORICAL MAPS FROM ORIGINAL STUDIES AND DRAWINGS BY
ALAN C. REILEY .REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION
L"X SIX VOLUMES
EX LI BRIS
ST. BASI L' S SCHOLASTICAl
VOLUME I-A TO ELECTORS,."o 9
1-1 7 -< j /d-..õL
/
SPRINGFIELD, MASS.
THE C. A. NICHOLS CO., PUBLISHERS
1901
CæntGIIT. 1893.
BY J. N, LARNED.
COPT1lIGBT. 1901,
BY J. N. LARNED.
N f.\'( '! 'I
,.(.
rarbe fli\lerølbe prell
CAMBRIDGE. MAS!>ACHUSETTS
U . S . A
PREFACE TO REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION, 1901.
FOR the present enlarged edition of this work the original five vol-
umes, published in 1894-5, have undergone a thorough revision,
Sume subjects not treated before have been introduced, and the treat-
ment of some others ha
been amplified; while matter \" hich appeared
as a Supplement in the earlier editions is now given its alphabetical
and chronological place in the main body of the work. The records
and narratives in tho::,e volume
end at the time of their first publica-
tion-18f)-!-5. In the new volume now addcd they arc carried on through
thl'
ix eventful years which have since gone by, and close soon after the
do
ing of the century. So far a1' practicable, the material used in this
later volume is drawn from official sources, - from statements of fact