American Merchant Ships and Sailors

Willis J. (Willis John) Abbot

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• Publié par: potad
• Publié le: 08 décembre 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 49
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 10 Mo

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The Project Gutenberg eBook, American Merchant Ships and Sailors, by Willis J. Abbot, Illustrated by Ray Brown

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Title: American Merchant Ships and Sailors

Author: Willis J. Abbot

Release Date: April 18, 2005 [eBook #15648]

Language: English

Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1

***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG MERCHANT SHIPS AND SAILORS***

EBOOK

AMERICAN

E-text prepared by Jason Isbell, Emmy, and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (www.pgdp.net)

American Merchant

Ships and Sailors

By

W ILLIS J. A BBOT

Author ofNaval History of the United States,Bluejackets of 1898, etc.

Illustrated byR AY B ROWN

N EW Y O RK D O DD , M EAD & C O MPANY THECAXTO NPRESS NEWYO RK .

1902

BOOKS BY WILLIS J. ABBOT

Naval History of the United States

Blue Jackets of 1898

Battlefields of '61

Battlefields and Campfires Battlefields and Victory

NEW ENGLAND EARLY TOOK THE LEAD IN BUILDING SHIPS

Preface

In an earlier series of books the present writer to ld the story of the high achievements of the men of the United States Navy, from the day of Paul Jones to that of Dewey, Schley, and Sampson. It is a reco rd Americans may well regard with pride, for in wars of defense or offense, in wars just or unjust, the American blue jacket has discharged the duty allotted to him cheerfully, gallantly, and efficiently.

But there are triumphs to be won by sea and by land greater than those of war, dangers to be braved, more menacing than the odds of battle. It was a glorious deed to win the battle of Santiago, but Fulton and Ericsson influenced the progress of the world more than all the heroes of history. The daily life of those who go down to the sea in ships is one of constant battle, and the whaler caught in the ice-pack is in more direful case than the blockaded cruiser; while the captain of the ocean liner, guiding through a dense fog his colossal craft freighted with two thousand human lives, has on his mind a weightier load of responsibility than the admiral of the fleet.

In all times and ages, the deeds of the men who sail the deep as its policemen or its soldiery have been sung in praise. It is time for chronicle of the high courage, the reckless daring, and oftentimes the noble self-sacrifice of those

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"B O UNDTHEMTOTHE C HAIN C ABLE "

"T HE D READNAUG HT "—N EW Y O RKAND L IVERPO O L P ACKET

N EW E NG LANDEARLY T O O KTHE L EADIN B UILDING S HIPS

T HE K ETCH

A N A RMED C UTTER

A "P INK "

"T HE W ATER F RO NTO FA G REAT S EAPO RTLIKE N EW Y O RK "

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facing98

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"A F AVO RITE T RICKO FTHE F LEEING S LAVERWASTO T HRO WO VER S LAVES "

T HEREARE B UILDINGIN A MERICAN Y ARDS

List of Illustrations

Frontispiece

WILLIS JOHN ABBOT.

T HE B UG -E YE

"T HE B RO AD A RRO W W AS P UTO NALL W HITE P INES 24 I NCHESIN D IAMETER "

Ann Arbor, Mich., May 1, 1902.

facing82

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T HE S HALLO P

PAGE

D EALERSWHO C AMEO N B O ARDWERE T HEMSELVES K IDNAPPED

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who use the Seven Seas to extend the markets of the world, to bring nations nearer together, to advance science, and to cement the world into one great interdependent whole.

"R O TAT M O ULDERING W HARVES "

"I NSTANTLYTHE G UNWAS R UN O UTAND D ISCHARG ED "

A FTERA B RITISH L IEUTENANT H AD P ICKEDTHE B ESTO FHER C REW

T HE S NO W , AN O BSO LETE T YPE

"T HERESHE B LO WS !"

E ARLY T YPEO F S MACK

"S ENDING B O ATAND M EN F LYINGINTOTHE A IR "

"T HE F ARMER -B UILDER T O O KHIS P LACEATTHE H ELM "

S CHO O NER -R IG G ED S HARPIE

"T HE R O PEWAS P UT A RO UNDHIS N ECK "

"S UDDENLYTHE M ATE G AVEA H O WL —'S TARN A LL !"

"T HE L O UD L AUG HO FTEN R O SEATMY E XPENSE "

A V ANISHING T YPEO NTHE L AKES

I FTHEY R ETREATEDFARTHER H EWO ULD B LO W U PTHE S HIP

T HE W O O DEN B ATEAUXO FTHE F UR T RADERS

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T RAWLINGFRO MA D O RY

R EVENUE C UTTER

W HISTLING B UO Y

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"T WO B O AT -L O ADSO F R EDCO ATS B O ARDEDUSAND T O O KUS P RISO NERS "

"T HEY F ELL D O WNAND D IEDASTHEY W ALKED "

M INO T ' S L EDG E L IG HT

F EEDINGTHE F URNACE

T HE P RISO N S HIP "J ERSEY "

O NTHE B ANKS

"S TRIVINGTO R EACHHER D ECKSATEVERY P O INT "

S TRIKESA S CHO O NERAND S HEARSTHRO UG HHER L IKEA K NIFE

O NEO FTHEFIRST L AKE S AILO RS

"T HE T REACHERO US K AYAK "

A DRIFTO NAN I CE F LO E

A N A RCTIC H O USE

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L AUNCHINGA L IFEBO ATTHRO UG HTHE S URF

"T HE B O YS M ARKEDTHEIR F ISHBY C UTTINGO FFTHEIR T AILS "

"T HE E VENINGWO ULD P ASSIN R UDEAND H ARMLESS J O LLITY "

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T HE E XCITING M O MENTINTHE P ILO T ' S T RADE

N EARLYEVERY M ANO NTHE Q UARTERDECKO FTHE "A RG O " WAS K ILLEDO R W O UNDED

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T HE M ISSISSIPPI P ILO T

"T HE W HALEBACK "

F ISHINGFRO MTHE R AIL

A D ECK L O ADO F C O TTO N

T HE S HIPWAS C AUG HTINTHE I CE P ACK

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A N E SQ UIMAU

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D E L O NG ' S M EN D RAG G INGTHEIR B O ATSO VERTHE I CE

"T HE R ED -M EN S ETUPO NTHEMAND S LEWTHEMALL "

"T AKINGITINHIS J AWS "

"I T HINKSHEISA H EAVY S HIP "

F LATBO ATS M ANNEDWITH R IFLEMEN

Contents

CHAPTER I.

T HE  A MERICAN  S HIPANDTHE  A MERICAN  S AILO R —N EW  E NG LAND ' S  L EADO NTHE  O CEAN —T HE  E ARLIEST  A MERICAN  S HIP -B UILDING —H O WTHE  S HIPYARDS  M ULTIPLIED —L AWLESS T IMESO NTHE  H IG H  S EAS —S HIP -B UILDINGINTHE  F O RESTSANDO NTHE  F ARM —S O ME E ARLY T YPES —T HE C O URSEO F M ARITIME T RADE —T HE F IRST S CHO O NERANDTHE F IRST F ULL - RIG G EDH S IP —J EALO USYANDN A TAG O NISMO FN E G LAND —T HEE P STO F P RIVATEERING —E NCO URAG EMENTFRO M  C O NG RESS —T HEO G LDENA D YSO FU O R M ERCHANT  M ARINE —F IG HTING  C APTAINSAND  T RADING  C APTAINS —G RO UND  B ETWEEN F RANCEAND  E NG LAND —C HECKEDBYTHE  W ARS —S EALINGAND  W HALING —I NTOTHE P ACIFIC —H O W  Y ANKEE  B O YS  M O UNTEDTHE  Q UARTER - DECK —S O ME  S TO RIESO F  E ARLY S EAMEN —T HE P ACKETSAND T HEIR E XPLO ITS

CHAPTER II.

T HE  T RANSITIO NFRO M  S AILSTO  S TEAM —T HE  C HANG EIN  M ARINE  A RCHITECTURE — THE D EPO PULATIO NO FTHE  O CEAN —C HANG ESINTHE  S AILO R ' S  L O T —F RO M  W O O DTO  S TEEL —T HE I NVENTIO NO FTHE S TEAMBO AT —T HE F ATEO F F ITCH —F ULTO N ' S L O NG S TRUG G LES —O PPO SITIO NO FTHE  S CIENTISTS —T HE  "C LERMO NT "—T HE  S TEAMBO AT  O NTHE  O CEAN —O N  W ESTERN  R IVERS —T HE  T RANSATLANTIC  P ASSAG E —T HE  "S AVANNAH " M AKESTHE F IRST C RO SSING —E STABLISHMENTO F B RITISH L INES —E FFO RTSO F U NITED S TATES S HIP - O WNERSTO C O MPETE —T HE F AMO US C O LLINS L INE —T HE D ECADENCEO F O UR M ERCHANT M ARINE —S IG NSO F  I TS  R EVIVAL —O UR  G REAT  D O MESTIC  S HIPPING  I NTEREST —A MERICA ' S F UTUREO NTHE S EA

CHAPTER III.

A N U G LY F EATUREO F E ARLY S EAFARING —T HE S LAVE T RADEAND I TS P RO MO TERS —P ART P LAYEDBY  E MINENT  N EW  E NG LANDERS —H O WTHE  T RADE  G REW  U P —T HE  P IO US A USPICES  W HICH  S URRO UNDEDTHE  T RAFFIC —S LAVE -S TEALINGAND  S ABBATH -B REAKING —C O NDITIO NSO FTHE T RADE —S IZEO FTHE V ESSELS —H O WTHE C APTIVES W ERE T REATED —M UTINIES , M AN -S TEALING , AND M URDER —T HE R EVELATIO NSO F T HE A BO LITIO N S O CIETY —E FFO RTSTO  B REAK  U PTHE  T RADE —A N  A WFUL  R ETRIBUTIO N —E NG LAND  L EADSTHE W AY —D IFFICULTYO F  E NFO RCINGTHE  L AW —A MERICA ' S  S HAME —T HE  E NDO FTHE  E VIL —T HE L AST S LAVER

CHAPTER IV.

T HE  W HALING  I NDUSTRY —I TS  E ARLY  D EVELO PMENTIN  N EW  E NG LAND —K NO WNTOTHE A NCIENTS —S HO RE  W HALING  B EG INNING SO FTHE  D EEP -S EA  F ISHERIES —T HE  P RIZESO F W HALING —P IETYO F I TS E ARLY P RO MO TERS —T HE R IG HT W HALEANDTHE C ACHALO T —A F LURRY —S O ME F IG HTING W HALES —T HE "E SSEX " ANDTHE "A NN A LEXANDER "—T YPESO F W HALERS —D ECADENCEO FTHEN I DUSTRY —E FFECTO F  O UR  N ATIO NAL  W ARS —T HE E MBARG O —S O ME S TO RIESO F W HALING L IFE

CHAPTER V.

T HE P RIVATEERS —P ART T AKENBY M ERCHANT S AILO RSIN B UILDINGUPTHE P RIVATEERING S YSTEM —L AWLESS  S TATEO FTHE  H IG H  S EAS —M ETHO DO F  D ISTRIBUTING  P RIVATEERING P RO FITS —P ICTURESQ UE F EATURESO FTHE C ALLING —T HE G ENTLEMEN S AILO RS —E FFECTS

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O NTHE R EVO LUTIO NARY A RMY —P ERILSO F P RIVATEERING —T HE O LD J ERSEY P RISO N S HIP —E XTENTO F  P RIVATEERING — EFFECT  O N  A MERICAN  M ARINE  A RCHITECTURE — SO ME F AMO US  P RIVATEERS —T HE  "C HASSEUR ," THE  "P RINCEDE  N EUFCHÁTEL ," THE  "M AMMO TH " —T HE S YSTEMO F C O NVO YSANDTHE "R UNNING S HIPS "—A T YPICAL P RIVATEERS ' B ATTLE —T HE "G ENERAL A RMSTRO NG " AT F AYAL —S UMMARYO FTHE W O RKO FTHE P RIVATEERS

CHAPTER VI.

T HE A RCTIC T RAG EDY —A MERICAN S AILO RSINTHE F RO ZEN D EEP —T HE S EARCHFO R S IR J O HN  F RANKLIN —R EASO NSFO R  S EEKINGTHE  N O RTH  P O LE —T ESTIMO NYO F  S CIENTISTS A ND  E XPLO RERS —P ERTINACITYO F  P O LAR  V O YAG ERS —D R . K ANEAND  D R . H AYES —C HARLES H F. ALL , J O URNALISTAND  E XPLO RER —M IRACULO US  E SCAPEO F  H IS  P ARTY —T HE I LL -F ATED "J EANNETTE " E XPEDITIO N —S UFFERINGAND D EATHO F D E L O NGAND H IS C O MPANIO NS —A P ITIFUL  D IARY —T HE  G REELY  E XPEDITIO N —I TS  C AREFUL  P LANAND C O MPLETE  D ISASTER —R ESCUEO FTHE  G REELY  S URVIVO RS —P EARY , W ELLMAN , AND B ALDWIN

CHAPTER VII.

T HE G REAT L AKES —T HEIR S HAREINTHE M ARITIME T RAFFICO FTHE U NITED S TATES —T HE E ARLIEST  R ECO RDED  V O YAG ERS —I NDIANSAND  F UR  T RADERS —T HE  P IG MY  C ANALATTHE S AULT  S TE . M ARIE —B EG INNINGO F  N AVIG ATIO NBY  S AILS —D E  L A  S ALLEAND  T HE "G RIFFIN "—R ECO LLECTIO NSO F  E ARLY  L AKE  S EAMEN —T HE  L AKESASA  H IG HWAYFO R W ESTWARD  E MIG RATIO N —T HE  F IRST  S TEAMBO AT —E FFECTO F  M INERAL  D ISCO VERIESO N L AKE  S UPERIO R —T HE  O RE -C ARRYING  F LEET —T HE  W HALEBACKS —T HE  S EAMENO FTHE L AKES —T HE  G REAT  C ANALATTHE  "S O O "—T HE  C HANNELTO  B UFFALO —B ARRED  O UT F RO MTHE O CEAN

CHAPTER VIII.

T HE  M ISSISSIPPIAND  T RIBUTARY  R IVERS —T HE  C HANG ING  P HASESO F  T HEIR  S HIPPING —R IVER  N AVIG ATIO NASA  N ATIO N -B UILDING  F O RCE —T HE  V ALUEO F  S MALL  S TREAMS —W O RKO FTHE  O HIO  C O MPANY —A N  E ARLY  P RO PELLER —T HE  F RENCH  F IRSTO NTHE M ISSISSIPPI —T HE  S PANIARDSAT  N EW  O RLEANS —E ARLY  M ETHO DSO F  N AVIG ATIO N —T HE F LATBO AT , THE  B RO ADHO RN , ANDTHE  K EELBO AT —L IFEO FTHE  R IVERMEN —P IRATESAND B UCCANEERS —L AFITTEANDTHE  B ARATARIANS —T HE  G ENESISO FTHE  S TEAMBO ATS —C APRICIO US  R IVER —F LUSHI T MESIN  N EW  O RLEANS —R APID  M ULTIPLICATIO NO F S TEAMBO ATS —R ECENT  F IG URESO N  R IVER  S HIPPING —C O MMO DO RE  W HIPPLE ' S  E XPLO IT —T HE M EN W HO S TEEREDTHE S TEAMBO ATS —T HEIR T ECHNICAL E DUCATIO N —T HE S HIPS T HEY S TEERED —F IRESAND E XPLO SIO NS —H ERO ISMO FTHE P ILO TS —T HE R ACES

CHAPTER IX.

T HE  N EW  E NG LAND  F ISHERIES —T HEIR  P ARTIN  E FFECTINGTHE  S ETTLEMENTO F  A MERICA —T HEIR  R APID  D EVELO PMENT —W IDE  E XTENTO FTHE  T RADE —E FFO RTO F  L O RD  N O RTH TO  D ESTRO Y  I T —T HE  F ISHERMENINTHE  R EVO LUTIO N —E FFO RTSTO  E NCO URAG ETHE I NDUSTRY —I TS P ARTIN P O LITICSAND D IPLO MACY —T HE F ISHING B ANKS —T YPESO F B O ATS —G RO WTHO FTHE  F ISHING  C O MMUNITIES —F ARMERSAND  S AILO RSBY  T URNS —T HE E DUCATIO NO FTHE  F ISHERMEN —M ETHO DSO F  T AKING  M ACKEREL —T HE  S EINEANDTHE T RAWL —S CANT  P RO FITSO FTHE  I NDUSTRY —P ERILSO FTHE  B ANKS —S O ME  P ERSO NAL E XPERIENCES —T HE F O GANDTHE F AST L INERS —T HE T RIBUTEO F H UMAN L IFE

CHAPTER X.

T HE S AILO R ' S S AFEG UARDS —I MPRO VEMENTSIN M ARINE A RCHITECTURE —T HE M APPINGO F

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