Copyright Basics

Library Of Congress. Copyright Office

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The Project Gutenberg EBook of Copyright Basics, by Library of Congress. Copyright Office. and United StatesThis eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it,give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online atwww.gutenberg.netTitle: Copyright BasicsAuthor: Library of Congress. Copyright Office. United StatesPosting Date: August 8, 2009 [EBook #4292] Release Date: July, 2003 First Posted: December 30, 2001Language: English*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK COPYRIGHT BASICS ***Produced by George DavisCopyright Basics (Circular 1)U.S. Copyright Office - Library of CongressCopyright BasicsSeptember 2000———————————————————————————————————— Copyright Basics————————————————————————————————————(See Format Note at end of document.)Table of Contents + What Is Copyright? + Who Can Claim Copyright + Copyright and National Origin of the Work + What Works Are Protected? + What Is Not Protected by Copyright? + How to Secure Copyright + Publication + Notice of Copyright + Form of Notice for Visually Perceptible Copies + Form of Notice for Phonorecords of Sound Recordings + Position of Notice + Publications Incorporating U.S. Government Works + Unpublished Works + Omission of Notice and Errors in Notice + How Long Copyright Protection Endures + Transfer of Copyright + Termination of ...

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• Publié par: cicor
• Publié le: 08 décembre 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 36
• Langue: English

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Produced by George Davis

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK COPYRIGHT BASICS ***

Title: Copyright Basics Author: Library of Congress. Copyright Office.  United States Posting Date: August 8, 2009 [EBook #4292] Release Date: July, 2003 First Posted: December 30, 2001 Language: English

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 + Use of Mandatory Deposit to Satisfy Registration Requirements  + Who May File an Application Form?  + Application Forms  + Fill-in Forms  + Fees  + Search of Copyright Office Records  + For Further Information ———————————————————————————————————— WHAT IS COPYRIGHT? Copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States (title 17, U.S. Code) to the authors of "original works of authorship", including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works. This protection is available to both published and unpublished works. Section 106 of the 1976 Copyright Act generally gives the owner of copyright the exclusive right to do and to authorize others to do the following: + *To reproduce* the work in copies or phonorecords;   + To prepare *derivative works* based upon the work;  + *To distribute copies or phonorecords* of the work to the public by  sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or  lending;  To perform the work publicly, in the case of literary, musical, +  dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and motion pictures  and other audiovisual works; + *To display the copyrighted work publicly*, in the case of literary, musical, dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and pictorial, graphic, or sculptural works, including the individual images of a motion picture or other audiovisual work; and + In the case of *sound recordings, to perform the work publicly* by means of a *digital audio transmission*. In addition, certain authors of works of visual art have the rights of attribution and integrity as described in Title 17, Chap 1, Section 106a (Circular 92) of the 1976 Copyright Act. For further information, request "Copyright Registration for Works of the Visual Arts" [http://www.loc.gov/copyright/circs/circ40.pdf]. It is illegal for anyone to violate any of the rights provided by the copyright law to the owner of copyright. These rights, however, are not unlimited in scope. Title 17, Chap 1 of the 1976 Copyright Act establish limitations on these rights. In some cases, these limitations are specified exemptions from copyright liability. One major limitation is the doctrine of "fair use", which is given a statutory basis in Title 17, Chap1, Section 107 of the 1976 Copyright Act. In other instances, the limitation takes the form of a "compulsory license" under which certain limited uses of copyrighted works are permitted upon payment of specified royalties and compliance with statutory conditions. For further information about the limitations of any of these rights, consult the copyright law or write to the Copyright Office. ———————————————————————————————————— WHO CAN CLAIM COPYRIGHT Copyright protection subsists from the time the work is created in fixed form. The copyright in the work of authorship *immediately* becomes the property of the author who created the work. Only the author or those deriving their rights through the author can rightfully claim copyright. In the case of works made for hire, the employer and not the employee is considered to be the author. Title 17, Chap 1, Sec. 101 of the copyright law defines a "work made for hire" as: + (1) a work prepared by an employee within the scope of his or her employment; or + (2) a work specially ordered or commissioned for use as:      + a contribution to a collective work  + a part of a motion picture or other audiovisual work + a translation        + a supplementary work  + a compilation  + an instructional text  + a test  + answer material for a test  + a sound recording  + an atlas if the parties expressly agree in a written instrument signed by them that the work shall be considered a work made for hire….

Two General Principles + Mere ownership of a book, manuscript, painting, or any other copy or phonorecord does not give the possessor    the copyright. The law provides that transfer of ownership of any material object that embodies a protected work does not of itself convey any rights in the copyright. + Minors may claim copyright, but state laws may regulate the business dealings involving copyrights owned by minors. For information on relevant state laws, consult an attorney. ———————————————————————————————————— COPYRIGHT AND NATIONAL ORIGIN OF THE WORK Copyright protection is available for all unpublished works, regardless of the nationality or domicile of the author. Published works are eligible for copyright protection in the United States if *any* one of the following conditions is met: + On the date of first publication, one or more of the authors is a national or domiciliary of the United States, or is a national, domiciliary, or sovereign authority of a treaty party,* or is a stateless person wherever that person may be domiciled; or *A treaty party is a country or intergovernmental organization other than the United States that is a party to an international agreement. + The work is first published in the United States or in a foreign nation that, on the date of first publication, is a treaty party. For purposes of this condition, a work that is published in the United States or a treaty party within 30 days after publication in a foreign nation that is not a treaty party shall be considered to be first published in the United States or such treaty party, as the case may be; or + The work is a sound recording that was first fixed in a treaty party; or + The work is a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work that is incorporated in a building or other structure, or an architectural work that is embodied in a building and the building or structure is located in the United States or a treaty party; or  + The work is first published by the United Nations or any of its  specialized agencies, or by the Organization of American States; or  + The work is a foreign work that was in the public domain in the  United States prior to 1996 and its copyright was restored under the  Uruguay Round Agreements Act (URAA). Request "Highlights of  Copyright Amendments Contained in the Uruguay Round Agreements Act  (URAA-GATT), [http://www.loc.gov/copyright/circs/circ38b.pdf], for  further information. The work comes within the scope of a Presidential proclamation. + ———————————————————————————————————— WHAT WORKS AREPROTECTED? Copyright protects "original works of authorship" that are fixed in a tangible form of expression. The fixation need not be directly perceptible so long as it may be communicated with the aid of a machine or device. Copyrightable works include the following categories: + (1) literary works; + (2) musical works, including any accompanying words + (3) dramatic works, including any accompanying music + (4) pantomimes and choreographic works + (5) pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works + (6) motion pictures and other audiovisual works + (7) sound recordings + (8) architectural works These categories should be viewed broadly. For example, computer programs and most "compilations" may be registered as "literary works"; maps and architectural plans may be registered as "pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works." ———————————————————————————————————— WHAT IS NOT PROTECTED BYCOPYRIGHT? Several categories of material are generally not eligible for federal copyright protection. These include among others:

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*** NOTE: Before 1978, federal copyright was generally secured by the act of publication with notice of copyright, assuming compliance with all other relevant statutory conditions. U. S. works in the public domain on January 1, 1978, (for example, works published without satisfying all conditions for securing federal copyright under the Copyright Act of 1909) remain in the public domain under the 1976 Copyright Act. Certain foreign works originally published without notice had their copyrights restored under the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (URAA). Request Circular 38B [http://www.loc.gov/copyright/circs/circ38b.pdf] and see the "Notice of Copyright" section of this publication for further information. Federal copyright could also be secured before 1978 by the act of registration in the case of certain unpublished works and works eligible for ad interim copyright. The 1976 Copyright Act automatically extends to full term (Title 17, Chap. 3, Sec. 304 sets the term) copyright for all works, including those subject to ad interim copyright if ad interim registration has been made on or before June 30, 1978. ***

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