Makers of Many Things

Eva March Tappan

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• Publié par: naseng
• Publié le: 08 décembre 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 31
• Langue: English

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Title: Makers of Many Things Author: Eva March Tappan Release Date: April 21, 2009 [EBook #28569] Language: English

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THE INDUSTRIAL READERS Book III

MAKERS OF MANY THINGS

BY EVAMARCH TAPPAN, Ph.D. Author of "England's Story," "American Hero Stories," "Old World Hero Stories," "Story of the Greek People," "Story of the Roman People," etc. Editor of "The Children's Hour."

Riverside Press Cambridge

HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO

COPYRIGHT, 1916, BYEVAMARCH TAPPAN ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

The Riverside Press CAMBRIDGE . MASSACHUSETTS U . S . A

PREFACE

The four books of this series have been written not merely to provide agreeable reading matter for children, but to give them information. When a child can look at a steel pen not simply as an article furnished by the city for his use, but rather as the result of many interesting processes, he has made a distinct growth in intelligence. When he has begun to apprehend the fruitfulness of the earth, both above ground and below, and the best way in which its products may be utilized and carried to the places where they are needed, he has not only acquired a knowledge of many kinds of industrial life which may help him to choose his life- work wisely from among them, but he has learned the dependence of one person upon other persons, of one part of the world upon other parts, and the necessity of peaceful intercourse. Best of all, he has learned to see. Wordsworth's familiar lines say of a man whose eyes had not been opened,—

"A primrose by a river's brim A yellow primrose was to him, . And it was nothing more " These books are planned to show the children that there is "something more"; to broaden their horizon; to reveal to them what invention has accomplished and what wide room for invention still remains; to teach them that reward comes to the man who improves his output beyond the task of the moment; and that success is waiting, not for him who works because he must, but for him who works because he may. Acknowledgment is due to the Diamond Match Company, Hood Rubber Company, S. D. Warren Paper Company, The Riverside Press, E. Faber, C. Howard Hunt Pen Company, Waltham Watch Company, Mark Cross Company, I. Prouty & Company, Cheney Brothers, and others, whose advice and criticism have been of most valuable aid in the preparation of this volume.

Eva March Tappan.

I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI.

CONTENTS

The Little Friction Match About India Rubber "Kid" Gloves How Rags and Trees become Paper How Books are made From Goose Quills to Fountain Pens and Lead Pencils The Dishes on Our Tables How the Wheels of a Watch go around The Making of Shoes In the Cotton Mill Silkworms and their Work

THE INDUSTRIAL READERS

BOOK III

MAKERS OF MANY THINGS

1 6 16 25 36 46 56 64 73 82 92

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THE ENDLESS MATCH MACHINE THEENDLESS MATCH MACHINE The match splints are set in tiny holes like pins in a pincushion, and the belt revolves, passing their heads through various chemicals.

THE LITTLE FRICTION MATCH I remember being once upon a time ten miles from a store and one mile from a neighbor; the fire had gone out in the night, and the last match failed to blaze. We had no flint and steel. We were neither Indians nor Boy Scouts, and we did not know how to make a fire by twirling a stick. There was nothing to do but to trudge off through the snow to the neighbor a mile away and beg some matches. Then was the time when we appreciated the little match and thought with profound respect of the men who invented and perfected it. It is a long way from the safe and reliable match of to-day back to the splinters that were soaked in chemicals and sold together with little bottles of sulphuric acid. The splinter was expected to blaze when dipped into the acid. Sometimes it did blaze, and sometimes it did not; but it was reasonably certain how the acid would behave, for it would always sputter and do its best to spoil some one's clothes. Nevertheless, even such matches as these were regarded as a wonderful convenience, and were sold at five dollars a hundred. With the next kind of match that appeared, a piece of folded sandpaper was sold, and the buyer was told to pinch it hard and draw the match through the fold. These matches were amazingly cheap— eighty-four of them for only twenty-five cents! There have been all sorts of odd matches. One kind actually had a tiny glass ball at the end full of sulphuric acid. To light this, you had to pinch the ball and the acid that was thus let out acted upon the other chemicals on the match and kindled it—or was expected to kindle it, which was not always the same thing. Making matches is a big business, even if one hundred of them are sold for a cent. It is estimated that on an average each person uses seven matches every day. To provide so many would require some seven hundred million matches a day in this country alone. It seems like a very simple matter to cut a splinter of wood, dip it into some chemicals, and pack it into a box for sale; and it would be simple if it were all done by hand, but the matches would also be irregular and extremely expensive. The way to make anything cheap and uniform is to manufacture it by machinery.

ro psehe messscec eb tsuo deirrath gn wi carreat dxe enase.scant eniaa sr nedtnocdyeaor f and rre i  nomts s la.e sAtures, t manufac kam ohw slrig ottoins xeboe the ehes.sT akegp ca  woointo  put are tria nunbmrei  e ninto boxes, a ce ra yls ed di nwoh acx,bond ahe t a p  motgnm-caik h car whic  theriescap enih meht sk. nehiacac misTh d over tre turne nhtyea ia.rT ehtiecs onind  stoid nediv a oiahc e ofnsidhe ind tsla hweemo efos  f  otsenrrcuh ugorht dna ,srehto 

The old sulphur matches made in "card and block" can no longer be bought in this country; the safety match has taken their place. One kind of safety match has the phosphorus on the box and the other igniting substances on the match, so that the match will not light unless it is scratched on the box; but this kind has never been a favorite in the United States. The second kind, the one generally used, may be struck anywhere, but these matches are safe because even stepping upon one will not light it; it must be scratched.

A match is a little thing, but nothing else can do its work.

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TAPPING RUBBER TREES IN SUMATRA Courtesy General Rubber Co. TAPPINGRUBBER TREES IN SUMATRA The plantation on which this photograph was taken has 45,000 acres of planted rubber trees, and employs 14,000 coolies.

ABOUT INDIA RUBBER When you pick a dandelion or a milkweed, a white sticky "milk" oozes out; and this looks just like the juice of the various sorts of trees, shrubs, and vines from which India rubber is made. The "rubber plant" which has been such a favorite in houses is one of these; in India it becomes a large tree which has the peculiar habit of dropping down from its branches "bush- ropes," as they are called. These take root and become stout trunks. There is literally a "rubber belt" around the world, for nearly all rubber comes from the countries lying between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. More than half of all that is brought to market is produced in the valley of the Amazon River; and some of this "Para rubber," as it is called, from the seaport whence it is shipped, is the best in the world.

anod nu e this is; and askai  tpuihhcb er t ehf cairev stabales ortory in  komsuohei yl a n beubarr  . T se  rhesaehylw uohghtro  getr toorde d info tsriF .sesac e  bstmut  ill a nd wood. A machienc lael d aw"said rf  ondsar  ostib fo vaela se bbere ruween betvodeg orslw r lo oe dr"he wo isths  f tI .krht secro