The Student's Life of Washington; Condensed from the Larger Work of Washington Irving - For Young Persons and for the Use of Schools

Washington Irving

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• Publié par: unta
• Publié le: 08 décembre 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 39
• Langue: English
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Title: The Student's Life of Washington; Condensed from the Larger Work of Washington Irving
For Young Persons and for the Use of Schools
Author: Washington Irving
Release Date: June 27, 2010 [EBook #32987]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE STUDENT'S LIFE OF ***
Produced by Ron Swanson (This file was produced from images
generously made available by The Internet Archive/American
Libraries)WASHINGTON AS A SURVEYOR
History of the American Revolution.
THE STUDENT'S
LIFE OF WASHINGTON;
CONDENSED FROM THE LARGER WORK OFWASHINGTON IRVING.
FOR YOUNG PERSONS AND FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS.
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS.
NEW YORK:
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS,
182 FIFTH AVENUE.
1876.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1870, by
G. P. PUTNAM & SONS,
in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.
PUBLISHER'S NOTE.
In condensing into one compact volume Mr. Irving's elaborate Life of
Washington, care has been taken to retain, not only all the important facts
connected with Washington's career, but also those circumstances and
incidents which may be supposed to contribute to a full estimate of his
character in all its aspects. Nor have any portion of the great events connected
with the era in which he filled so grand and controlling a part been unduly
neglected or subordinated. The work, in its present abbreviated form, still
presents a continuous and complete record of American history during the
period of Washington's official life. Mr. Irving's language, as a rule, has been
retained; but in cases where a variation from his sentences has been
necessary, in order to secure the requisite brevity, the paragraphs are enclosed
in brackets.
CONTENTS.I. Birth of Washington.—His Boyhood.
II. Washington's Youth.—First Surveying Expedition.
III. Rival Claims of the English and the French.—Preparations for
Hostilities.
IV. Washington's Mission to the French Commander.
V. Military Expedition to the Frontier.
VI. Misfortunes.—Capitulation of Fort Necessity.
VII. A Campaign under General Braddock.
VIII. Braddock's Advance.—His Defeat.
IX. Washington in Command.—Panics on the Frontier.
X. Frontier Service.
XI. Operations against the French.—Washington's Marriage.
XII. Campaigns in the North.—Washington at Mount Vernon.
XIII. Colonial Discontents.
XIV. Expedition to the Ohio.—Tea Tax.
XV. The First General Congress.
XVI. Military Measures.—Affairs at Lexington.
XVII. Capture of Ticonderoga and Crown Point.—Washington appointed
Commander-in-Chief.
XVIII. Battle of Bunker Hill.
XIX. Washington on his Way to the Camp.
XX. Siege of Boston.
XXI. Projects for the Invasion of Canada.
XXII. War along the Coast.—Progress of the Siege.
XXIII. Affairs in Canada.
XXIV. Incidents of the Camp.—Arnold before Quebec.
XXV. Washington's Perplexities.—New York in Danger.
XXVI. Attack on Quebec.—Affairs in New York.
XXVII. Movements before Boston.—Its Evacuation.
XXVIII. Reverses in Canada.—The Highlands.—Close of the Invasion of
Canada.
XXIX. The Army in New York.
XXX. Proceedings of Lord Howe.—Gates and Schuyler.
XXXI. The War in the South.—Affairs in the Highlands.
XXXII. Battle of Long Island.—Retreat.
XXXIII. Retreat from New York Island.
XXXIV. Retreat through Westchester County.—Battle of White Plains.
XXXV. Washington at Peekskill.—The Northern Army.
XXXVI. Capture of Fort Washington and Garrison.—Retreat through New
Jersey.
XXXVII. Retreat across the Delaware.—Battle of Trenton.
XXXVIII. Washington recrosses the Delaware.—Battle of Princeton.
XXXIX. The Army at Morristown.—Attack on Peekskill.
XL. The Northern Army.—British Expedition to Connecticut.
XLI. The Highlands.—Movements of the Army.XLII. Invasion from Canada.
XLIII. Exploits and Movements.—Howe in the Chesapeake.
XLIV. Advance of Burgoyne.—Battle of Oriskany.—Battle of Bennington.
XLV. Battle of the Brandywine.—Fall of Philadelphia.
XLVI. The Northern Invasion.—Fall of the Highland Forts.—Defeat and
Surrender of Burgoyne.
XLVII. Battle of Germantown.—Hostilities on the Delaware.
XLVIII. The Army on the Schuylkill.—At Valley Forge.—The Conway Cabal.
XLIX. Exploits of Lee and Lafayette.—British Commissioners.
L. Evacuation of Philadelphia.—Battle of Monmouth Court House.
LI. Arrival of a French Fleet.—Massacre at Wyoming Valley.—Capture
of Savannah.
LII. Washington in Philadelphia.—Indian Warfare.—Capture of Stony
Point.—Ravages in Connecticut.—Repulse at Savannah.
LIII. Army at Morristown.—Arnold in Philadelphia.—Charleston
Besieged.
LIV. Discontents in the Army.—Fall of Charleston.
LV. Marauds in the Jerseys.—The French Fleet at Newport.
LVI. Battle of Camden.
LVII. The Treason of Arnold.—Trial and Execution of André.
LVIII. Plan to entrap Arnold.—Projects against New York.
LIX. The War in the South.—Battle of King's Mountain.
LX. Hostilities in the South.—Mutiny.
LXI. Battle of the Cowpens.—Battle of Guilford Court-house.
LXII. The War in Virginia.—Demonstrations against New York.
LXIII. Ravages in Virginia.—Operations in Carolina.—Attack on New
London.
LXIV. Operations before Yorktown.—Greene in the South.
LXV. Siege and Surrender of Yorktown.
LXVI. Dissolution of the Combined Armies.—Discontents in the Army.
LXVII. News of Peace.—Washington's Farewell to the Army, and
Resignation of his Commission.
LXVIII. Washington at Mount Vernon.
LXIX. The Constitutional Convention.—Washington elected President.
LXX. Organization of the New Government.
LXXI. Financial Difficulties.—Party Jealousies.—Operations against the
Indians.
LXXII. Tour Southward.—Defeat of St. Clair.—Dissensions in the Cabinet.
LXXIII. Washington's Second Term.—Difficulties with the French
Ambassador.
LXXIV. Neutrality.—Whiskey Insurrection.—Wayne's Success against the
Indians.
LXXV. Jay's Treaty.—Party Claims.—Difficulties with France.—Farewell
Address.
LXXVI. Washington's Retirement and Death.WASHINGTON
AND THE
AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
CHAPTER I.
BIRTH OF WASHINGTON.—HIS BOYHOOD.
The Washington family is of an ancient English stock, the genealogy of which
has been traced up to the century immediately succeeding the Conquest.
Among the knights and barons who served under the Count Palatine, Bishop of
Durham, to whom William the Conqueror had granted that important See, was
WILLIAM DE HERTBURN. At that period surnames were commonly derived from
castles or estates; and de Hertburn, in 1183, in exchanging the village of
Hertburn for the manor of Wessyngton, assumed the name of DE WESSYNGTON.
From this period the family has been traced through successive generations,
until the name, first dropping the de, varied from Wessyngton to Wassington,
Wasshington, and finally to Washington. The head of the family to which our
Washington immediately belongs sprang from Lawrence Washington, Esq., of
Gray's Inn. He was mayor of Northampton, and received a grant of the manor of
Sulgrave from Henry VIII. [Sir William Washington of Packington, was his direct
descendant. The Washingtons were attached to the Stuart dynasty. Lieut.-Col.
James Washington perished in defence of that cause. Sir Henry Washington,
son of Sir William, distinguished himself under Prince Rupert, in 1643, at the
storming of Bristol; and still more, in 1646, in the defence of Worcester against
the arms of Fairfax. We hear little of the Washingtons after the death of Charles
I. England, during the protectorate, was an uncomfortable residence for those
who had adhered to the Stuarts, and many sought refuge in other lands. Among
many who emigrated to the western wilds were John and Andrew Washington,
great-grandsons of the grantee of Sulgrave.]
The brothers arrived in Virginia in 1657, and purchased lands in Westmoreland
County, on the northern neck, between the Potomac and Rappahannock rivers.
John married a Miss Anna Pope, of the same county, and took up his residence
on Bridges Creek, near where it falls into the Potomac. He became an
extensive planter, and, in process of time, a magistrate and member of the
House of Burgesses. Having a spark of the old military fire of the family, we find
him, as Colonel Washington, leading the Virginia forces, in co-operation with
those of Maryland, against a band of Seneca Indians, who were ravaging the
settlements along the Potomac.
The estate continued in the family. His grandson Augustine, the father of our
Washington, was