Benchmark Slides

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T H E TA S K F O R C E O N T H E F U T U R E O F A M E R I C A N I N N O VAT I O NInnovation is America’s Heartbeatwww.futureofinnovation.orgTHE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY: IS THE UNITED STATES LOSING ITS COMPETITIVE EDGE?Benchmarks of our Innovation FutureFebruary 16, 2005U.S. GRADUATE INSTITUTIONS: FOREIGN STUDENTS OUTNUMBER U.S. STUDENTSU.S. Students Foreign Students90,00060,00030,00001980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000Source: National Science Foundation, Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering: Fall 2001, Tables 8-9. Compiled by the APS Office of Public Affairs.The Task Force on the Future of American Innovation -- http://futureofinnovation.org Number of StudentsASIAN PHD. STUDENTS ARE STAYING AT HOME(1986 - 1999)Chinese South Korean TaiwaneseChinese Universities South Korean Universities Taiwanese UniversitiesU.S. Universities U.S. Universities U.S. Universities2,500 1,5007,5005,625 1,875 1,1253,750 1,250 7501,875 625 3750 0 0Source: National Science Foundation, Science and Engineering Indicators 2002, Appendix Table 2-41.Adapted from Diana Hicks, “Asian countries strengthen their research,” Issues in Science and Technology, Summer 2004.Compiled by the APS Office of Public Affairs.The Task Force on the Future of American Innovation -- http://futureofinnovation.org 198719891991199319951997199919871989199119931995199719991987198919911993199519971999S&E ARTICLES: U.S. ALREADY PASSED BY WESTERN EUROPE, ASIA ...

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• Publié par: Phiom
• Nombre de lectures: 19
• Langue: English

Extrait

T H E T A S K F O R C E O N T H E F U T U R E O F A M E R I C A N I N N O VA T I O N I n n o v a t i o n i s A m e r i c a s H e a r t b e a t w w w. f u t u r e o f i n n o v a t i o n . o r g

THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY:

IS THE UNITED STATES LOSING ITS COMPETITIVE EDGE?

Benchmarks of our Innovation Future February 16, 2005

U . S . G R A D U AT E I N S T I T U T I O N S : F O R E I G N S T U D E N T S O U T N U M B E R U . S . S T U D E N T S

90,000

60,000

30,000

0 1980

U.S. Students

1984

1988

Foreign Students

1992

1996

2000

Source: National Science Foundation,Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering: Fall 2001, Tables 8-9. Compiled by the APS Office of Public Affairs.

The Task Force on the Future of American Innovation--http://futureofinnovation.org

A S I A N P H D . S T U D E N T S A R E S TAY I N G AT H O M E

7,500

5,625

3,750

1,875

0

Chinese

Chinese Universities U.S. Universities

2,500

1,875

1,250

625

0

(1986 - 1999)

South Korean

South Korean Universities

U.S. Universities

1,500

1,125

750

375

0

Taiwanese

Taiwanese Universities

U.S. Universities

Source: National Science Foundation,Science and Engineering Indicators 2002, Appendix Table 2-41. Adapted from Diana Hicks, “Asian countries strengthen their research,”Issues in Science and Technology, Summer 2004. Compiled by the APS Office of Public Affairs.

The Task Force on the Future of American Innovation--http://futureofinnovation.org

S & E A R T I C L E S : U . S . A L R E A D Y PA S S E D B Y W E S T E R N E U R O P E , A S I A R A P I D LY C L O S I N G

250,000

187,500

125,000

62,500

0 1988

United States

1990

1992

Western Europe

1994

1996

Asia

1998

2000

1988

Other. 20%

Western Europe 31%

2001

Other 16%

Western Europe 36%

Source: National Science Foundation, Science and Engineering Indicators 2004. Appendix Table 5-35. Compiled by the APS Office of Public Affairs.

The Task Force on the Future of American Innovation--http://futureofinnovation.org

Asia 11%

U.S. 38%

U.S. 31%

Asia 17%

U . S . PAT E N T A P P L I C AT I O N S : FA S T E S T G R O W I N G E C O N O M I E S G A I N I N G O N U . S . R A P I D LY

1,000

100

10

1 1989

1992

1995

1998

2001

2004

2007

United States

Other Established Economies

Fastest Growing Economies

Other Established Economies:

Canada, France, Germany,

Italy, Japan, Netherlands,

Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom

Fastest Growing Economies:

China, Hong Kong, India,

Ireland, Israel, Singapore,

South Korea, Taiwan

Source: National Science Foundation,Science and Engineering Indicators 2004, Appendix Table 6-11. Compiled by the APS Office of Public Affairs

The Task Force on the Future of American Innovation--http://futureofinnovation.org

T O TA L R & D I N V E S T M E FA S T E S T G R O W I N G E C O N O M I E S G A I N I N G R A P I D LY O N U . S .

1000

100

10 1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

United States

Fastest Growing Econo

st Growing Economies:

China, Ireland, Israel, Singapore,

South Korea, Taiwan

(India and Hong Kong data not available)

Source: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development,Main Science and Technology Indicators, May 2003. Compiled by the APS Office of Public Affairs The Task Force on the Future of American Innovation--http://futureofinnovation.org

F E D E R A L I N V E S T M E N T I N P H Y S I C A L S C I E N C E S I N S I G N I F I C A N T D E C L I N E

0.100%

0.075%

0.050%

0.025%

0% 1970

Ratio of U.S. Federal Government Funding for Physical Sciences Research to

1975

U.S. Gross Domestic Product: 1970-2003

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

Source: American Association for the Advancement of Science.www.aaas.org/spp/rd/guidisc.htm Compiled by the APS Office of Public Affairs

The Task Force on the Future of American Innovation--http://futureofinnovation.org

H I G H - T E C H I N D U S T R Y O U T P U T: C H I N A R A P I D LY G A I N I N G O N U . S .

10,000

1,000

100

10 1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

United States

China

High-tech industry includes aerospace, computers and office machinery; communications equipment; pharmaceuticals ; and medical, precision and optical instruments.

Source: National Science Foundation,Science and Engineering Indicators 2004, Appendix Table 6-1. Compiled by the APS Office of Public Affairs

The Task Force on the Future of American Innovation--http://futureofinnovation.org

H I G H - T E C H H A S D E L I V E R E D F O R T H E U . S . E C O N O M Y . . .

Cumulative U.S. Trade Balance, 1990-2003

Advanced Technology Products

$243 billion

All Goods

-$3.4 trillion

. . . B U T W I L L I T C O N T I N U E ?

U.S. Trade Balance for High-Tech Products, 1990-2003

$40,000

$30,000

$20,000

$10,000

$0

$-10,000

$-20,000

$-30,000 1990

1992

1994

1996

Source: U.S. Census Bureau Foreign Trade Statistics,U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services. Compiled by the APS Office of Public Affairs.

The Task Force on the Future of American Innovation--http://futureofinnovation.org

1998

2000

2002

H I G H - T E C H I N D U S T R Y E X P O R T S : U . S . L O S I N G W O R L D S H A R E

Other Emerging Asian Economies 4% 7%

Japan 15%

European Union 43%

United States 31%

1980

Emerging Asi Economies 25%

Other

apan 10%

United

Emerging Asian Economies:China, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, India

Source: National Science Foundation,Science and Engineering Indicators 2004, Appendix Table 6-1 Compiled by the Association of American Universities

The Task Force on the Future of American Innovation--http://futureofinnovation.org

2001

Union