Changing the Trajectory

Sajitha Bashir

Description

The Democratic Republic of Congo faces the challenge of providing universal primary education and expanding opportunities for post-secondary education and training for its youth, ages 12 to 24. This study analyzes the current educational attainment and school enrollment status of youth, as well as the formal and informal post-secondary educational and training opportunities available to them. The study uses the results of a simulation model that incorporates enrollment in alternative education programs and considers alternative scenarios for developing the post-primary sector. Each scenario is evaluated for the impact on the human capital accumulation of young people and the sustainability of public expenditures. The report offers policy options for rapidly raising the educational attainment of young people who will be entering the labor force in the next two decades, including expanding opportunities for alternative education and training for out-of-school children, the extension of primary education, and the reorganization of secondary and technical/vocational training to reduce early specialization.

Sujets

• Éducation

Informations

• Publié par: world-bank-publications
• Publié le: 25 juin 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 17
• EAN13: 9780821380031
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

W ORLD BANK W ORKING P APER NO . 168
AFRICA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT SERIES
Changing the Trajectory
Education and Training for Youth in
Democratic Republic of Congo
Sajitha Bashir
THE WORLD BANKWORL D B A N K WOR KING P A PER NO. 1 68
Changing the Trajectory
Education and Training for Youth in
Democratic Republic of Congo
Sajitha Bashir
Africa Region Human Development Department
Copyright © 2009
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ISBN-13: 978-0-8213-8002-4
eISBN: 978-0-8213-8003-1
ISSN: 1726-5878 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8002-4
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been requested. Contents
Foreword .................................................................................................................................. vii
Abstract...............ix
Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................... x
Executive Summary..................................................................................................................xi
Situation of Youth in Democratic Republic of Congo, 2006........................................xii
Characteristics of the Secondary Education and Vocational Training System
in Democratic Republic of Congo ...........................................................................xii
Demand for Skills and Need for a Strategic Vision.....................................................xiv
Perspectives for the Future..............................................................................................xv
Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................................... xviii
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................ 1
Notes..................................................................................................................................... 3
2. Objectives and Structure of the Report............................................................................. 4
Notes........... 6
3. Structure of Post-primary Education and Training......................................................... 7
Formal Secondary Education ............................................................................................ 7
Governance of Formal Secondary Education.................................................................. 9
Nonformal Education....................................................................................................... 11
Notes......... 12
4. Situation of Youth in Democratic Republic of Congo, 2006........................................ 13
Notes................................................................................................................................... 16
5. Formal Secondary Education............................................................................................. 19
Characteristics of Students in Secondary Schools ........................................................ 20
Teaching-Learning Conditions in Secondary Schools ................................................. 22
Internal Efficiency.............................................................................................................24
Learning Outcomes .......................................................................................................... 24
Notes......... 29
6. Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) ........................................ 30
7. Enrollment and Learning Outcomes in Nonformal Education................................... 32
8. Cost Structure of Secondary Education........................................................................... 34
Unit Costs in Secondary Schools..................................................................................... 34
Unit Cost in Nonformal Education................................................................................. 37
Notes................................................................................................................................... 37
iiiiv Contents
9. Demand for Education and Skills: Findings from the Investment Climate
Assessment ............................................................................................................................... 38
Notes................................................................................................................................... 41
10. Challenges and Constraints............................................................................................. 42
Summary of Challenges ................................................................................................... 42
Demographic Pressures 43
Unviable Option: Continuing Status Quo of Exclusive Reliance on the Formal
Education System ...................................................................................................... 44
11. Relevant Lessons from International Experience ........................................................ 46
Structure of Secondary Education and Technical and Vocational Education and
Training ...................................................................................................................... 46
Curriculum ........................................................................................................................ 50
Teacher Preparation and Utilization .............................................................................. 50
Notes................................................................................................................................... 51
12. Expanding Opportunities for Democratic Republic of Congo Youth:
Promising Avenues................................................................................................................. 52
Principles of Reform ......................................................................................................... 52
Feasible Scenarios ............................................................................................................. 52
Impact on Enrollment Status of Youth under 15 Years of Age................................... 57
Coverage and Size of the Formal Education and Training System............................ 60
Physical and Financial Requirements of Expansion .................................................... 61
Financial Requirements of Different Policy Options ................................................... 62
Notes................................................................................................................................... 63
13. Conclusions and Recommendations.............................................................................. 64
Recommendations ............................................................................................................ 64
Appendixes............................................................................................................................... 69
Appendix 1. Multilevel Model of Mathematics Score with Students and Schools
Characteristics 70
Appendix 2. Determinants of Worker Earnings ..............................................