East Asia Integrates

Kathie Krumm And Homi Kharas

Description

Emerging East Asian economies have seen their share of world exports more than triple during the past quarter-century, and intraregional trade has driven this growth. Broad measures of development in East Asia have improved at the same headlong pace. Why push further integration now? Two economic events of historic proportions provide the context: strategic thinking of development in the region following the East Asian financial crisis of 1997-98 and the accession of China to the World Trade Organization. Policymakers interested in a stable, prosperous region are concerned by mildly rising inequality within countries and a widening gap between richer economies and the poorest economies. Increasingly, the development agenda in the region-with its focus on growth, jobs, and social stability-and the trade policy agenda-with its focus on market access and competitiveness-have become intertwined.
East Asian policymakers seek to develop a coherent set of economic policies that can deliver stability, growth, and regional integration. Without attempting to be comprehensive, 'East Asia Integrates' offers fundamental strategies that promote cross-border flows of trade, along with domestic policies on logistics, trade facilitation, standards and institutions to maximize the impact of these flows on development and distribute the gains from trade widely.
As the authors demonstrate, multilateral and regional trade initiatives must provide a compelling vision of how integration can deliver broadly shared growth and prosperity if they are to succeed. In addition, they must use the momentum offered by trade agreements to address the links between trade on the one hand, and social stability, poverty reduction, and growth on the other.

Sujets

• Intégration
• 1997 Asian financial crisis
• Economic policy
• Poverty reduction

Informations

• Publié par: world-bank-publications
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2004
• Nombre de lectures: 18
• EAN13: 9780821383452
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

A Trade Policy Agenda for Shared Growth
TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT SERIES
EAST ASIAmerging East Asian economies have seen their share of world exports more than
triple during the past quarter-century, and intraregional trade has driven thisEgrowth. Broad measures of development in East Asia have improved at the same
headlong pace. Why push further integration now? Two economic events of historic Integratesproportions provide the context: strategic rethinking of development in the region following
the East Asian financial crisis of 1997– 98 and the accession of China to the W orld Trade
Organization. Policymakers interested in a stable, prosperous region are concerned by A TRADE POLICY AGENDA FOR SHARED GROWTHmildly rising inequality within countries and a widening income gap between richer
economies and the poorest economies. Increasingly, the development agenda in the
region—with its focus on growth, jobs, and social stability—and the trade policy agen-
da—with its focus on market access and competitiveness—have become intertwined.
Editors
East Asian policymakers seek to develop a coherent set of economic policies that can Kathie Krumm and Homi Kharas
deliver stability, growth, and regional integration. Without attempting to be compre-
hensive, East Asia Integrates offers fundamental strategies that promote cross-border
flows of trade, globally and regionally, along with domestic policies on logistics, trade
facilitation, standards, and institutions to maximize the impact of these flows on devel-
opment and to distribute the gains from trade widely.
As the authors demonstrate, multilateral and regional trade initiatives must provide a
compelling vision of how integration can deliver broadly shared growth and prosperity
if they are to succeed. In addition, they must use the momentum offered by trade
agreements to address the links between trade on the one hand, and social stability,
poverty reduction, and growth on the other.
THE WORLD BANK
ISBN 0-8213-5514-7east Asia integrates
A Trade Policy Agenda for Shared Growtheast Asia integrates
A Trade Policy Agenda for Shared Growth
Kathie Krumm and Homi Kharas, Editors
A copublication of the World Bank and Oxford University Press© 2004 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
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Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication data has been applied for.CONTENTS
Foreword xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Overview xv
Kathie Krumm
Homi Kharas
PART I WIDENING OPPORTUNITIES IN
TRADE ARRANGEMENTS 1
1. China’s Accession to the WTO: Impacts on China 3
William J. Martin
Deepak Bhattasali
Shantong Li
2. Regional Impact of China’s Accession to the WTO 21
Elena Ianchovichina
Sethaput Suthiwart-Narueput
Min Zhao vi East Asia Integrates
3. New Regionalism: Options for East Asia 39
Mari Pangestu
Sudarshan Gooptu
4. Market Access Barriers and Poverty in Developing East Asia 59
Bijit Bora
with additional material by
Paul Brenton and Takako Ikezuki
PART II DEVELOPMENT ORIENTATION FOR
A BEHIND-THE-BORDER AGENDA 75
5. Trade and Logistics: An East Asian Perspective 77
Robin Carruthers
Jitendra N. Bajpai
David Hummels
6. Protecting Industrial Inventions, Authors’ Rights, and Traditional Knowledge:
Relevance, Lessons, and Unresolved Issues 95
Manjula Luthria
Keith E. Maskus
7. Trade and Competitiveness Aspects of Environmental and Labor Standards
in East Asia 115
Keith E. Maskus
PART III REINFORCING SOCIAL STABILITY THROUGH
BROAD SHARING OF BENEFITS 135
8. Household Welfare Impacts of China’s Accession to the WTO 137
Shaohua Chen
Martin Ravallion
9. Trade in Sectors Important to the Poor: Rice in Cambodia and Vietnam
and Cashmere in Mongolia 149
Jehan Arulpragasam
Francesco Goletti
Tamar Manuelyan Atinc
Vera Songwe
10. Trade and Labor Market Vulnerability in Indonesia,
Republic of Korea, and Thailand 171
François Bourguignon
Chor-ching Goh
Authors and Their Affiliations 189
Index 191Contents vii
FIGURES
Figure 1 Trends in Regional Trade xviii
Figure 2 Intraregional Trade xix
Figure 3 China’s Trade in Third-Country Markets xx
Figure 4 Reduced Agricultural Protection in China xxi
Figure 5 Chinese Imports, 1995 and 2005 xxii
Figure 6 Regional Trade Arrangements xxvi
Figure 7 Inland Transport Costs for Remote Regions xxix
Figure 8 Expanded Exports to APEC from Improvements in Trade Facilitation xxx
Figure 9 Costs of Producer Services xxx
Figure 10 Regulatory and Competitive Reforms, Selected Countries xxxii
Figure 11 Geographic Distribution of Bilateral Trade Treaties xxxiii
Figure 12 Environmental and Labor Standards, East Asia xxxiv
Figure 13 Poverty and Inequality xxxvi
Figure 14 Effects of China’s Accession to WTO on Household Incomes xxxvii
Figure 15 Trade and Stability in Labor Markets, Republic of Korea xxxix
Figure 2.1 Exports to China from East Asia Compared with Exports to
Other Partners 22
Figure 2.2 China’s Imports, 1995 and 2005 23
Figure 2.3’s Growing Role in Production Networks 24
Figure 2.4 Impact of China’s WTO Accession on Japan and East Asia’s NIEs, 2001–10 26
Figure 2.5 Impact of’s WTO Accession on Developing Economies of
East Asia, 2001–10 27
Figure 4.1 Real Income Gains in Developing East Asia from Agricultural Liberalization 60
Figure 5.1 Potential Contribution of Transport to Economic Growth in East Asia 79
Figure 5.2 Poverty and Accessibility in Lao PDR 82
Figure 6.1 Comparison of Patenting Trends, Republic of Korea and Major
Developing Countries, 1978–99 97
Figure 6.2 Comparison of Korean Semiconductor Patents with Worldwide
Semiconductor Patents, 1976–99 98
Figure 6.3 Comparison of Korean Semiconductor Patents with Semiconductor
Patents of Major Advanced Countries, 1976–99 98
Figure 6.4 Citations of Korean Patents as a Proportion of Total Patent Citations,
by Types of Patent Applicants, 1986–99 101
Figure 6.5 Self-Citation Rates of Korean Private Corporations, 1980–99 102
Figure 6.6 Korean Patents Granted in the United States, Selected Industries, 1981–99 102
Figure 8.1 Poverty Incidence Curves: Rural 141
Figure 8.2 Poverty Ie Curves: Urban 142
Figure 8.3 Mean Gains by Provinces: Absolute Gains in Yuan Per Capita 143
Figure 8.4 My Provinces: Proportionate Gains in Percent 143
Figure 8.5 Mean Gains by Provinces: Percentage of Gainers 144
Figure 8.6 Mean Gains in Yuan, by Income Percentile 144
Figure 8.7 Mean Percentage Gain, by Income Percentile 145
Figure 8.8 Percentage of Gainers, by Income Percentile 145
Figure 9.1 Profit Shares for Rice Value Chain, Cambodia and Vietnam 155
Figure 9.2 Profit Structure of Rice VaVietnam 161
Figure 9.3 Share of Cashmere Products in Mongolia’s Total Cashmere Exports,
1993–2001 166viii East Asia Integrates
Figure 10.1 Decade Averages of Import Tariffs for Manufacturing Industries:
Indonesia, Republic of Korea, and Thailand, 1980s and 1990s 174
Figure 10.2 Average Log of Real Wages of Males by Broad Sectors (Manufacturing,
Services and Construction, and Others) and by Trade Exposure
(Low, Medium, and High): Republic of Korea, 1976–2000 177
Figure 10.3 Average Log of Real Wages of Males by Broad Sectors (Manufacturing
and Services) and by Trade Exposure (Low, Medium, and High):
Thailand, 1991–2000 178
Figure 10.4 Average Log of Real Wages of Males by Broad Sectors (Manufacturing
and Services): Indonesia, 1986–1999 178
Figure 10.5 Standard Deviatio