This document is a summary of the findings, for the UK, of a research funded by the programme “Improving the Human Research Potential and the Socio-Economic Knowledge Base” of the Research DG of the European Commission. The title of the research was ‘Job creation in innovative relational services. The case of services to private individuals’. The main objective of this research, which runs from 2003 to 2006, was to study job creation and the characteristics of employment in relational services (IRS) consumed by private individuals, such as elder care, childcare, educational leisure, in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. In the UK the study has focused on Elder Care and Childcare The research consisted in a literature review (2003), interviews at policy and strategic levels (2004), and, in the UK, 16 case studies, which took place in The North East and the East of England and in Scotland (2005). The context of the research is one of pressure of new social needs and demands linked, in particular, to the transformation of women’s roles, as well as the policy determination to raise labour market participation rates. As a result of these pressures, a whole array of social services has been called on to expand (e.g. eldercare, childcare), and partly new services are being created or are being professionalised (social mediation, out of school and summer activities).