A biophysically based coupled model approach for the assessment of canopy processes under climate change conditions [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von: Tobias Benedikt Hank

Tobias Benedikt Hank

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• Publié par: ludwig-maximilians-universitat_munchen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2008
• Nombre de lectures: 54
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 24 Mo

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A Biophysically Based Coupled Model Approach
For the Assessment of Canopy Processes
Under Climate Change Conditions



Dissertation der Fakultät für Geowissenschaften
der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München







vorgelegt von:
Tobias Benedikt Hank
aus München


Eingereicht am 30. April 2008


























1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Wolfram Mauser
2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Ralf Ludwig

Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 27. Juni 2008



“They say, a little knowledge is a dangerous thing,
but it's not one half so bad as a lot of ignorance.”

- TERRY PRATCHETT

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

The successful fulfilment of the many challenges small and large that are accompanying a
project like the one that is now lying before us, naturally is based on the interaction of
coincidences and foreordinations as well as it is the consequence of the endeavours of many
helping hands. It here is my intention to express the gratitude that I feel for the great number of
good things that have happened to me on my way.
During the past years I had the chance to work in a variety of projects, where I gradually learned
to recognize the wide scope of research that is covered by the scientific branch of Geography.
First as a student assistant and then later as a graduate student in the scope of my diploma
thesis, I was introduced to the art of computational vegetation and landsurface modelling, surely
placing the headstone for my later work during my dissertational studies.
My employment at the Department of Geography of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich
can be considered as a particular personal chance. I was allowed to work at an internationally
respected institution in the middle of the beautiful city of Munich and I cannot veil the pride of
being part of one the most respected and venerable Universities of Europe.
The realization of the work that I was entrusted with was enabled through the support of two
public organizations. In the frame of the project “Coupled Analysis of Vegetation Chlorophyll and
Water Content Using Hyperspectral, Bidirectional Remote Sensing”, which was financed by the
German Research Foundation (DFG), I was able to collect detailed in-field data, deepening my
insight into plant physiological coherences. The adaptation of computational modelling
techniques was enabled by help of the cooperative project “GLOWA - Global Change and the
Hydrological Cycle”, funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMB+F). To
both organisations, the DFG and the BMB+F, I would like to express my honest thanks for their
combined financial support.
From the many people that have directly or indirectly contributed to this project, my deepest
thanks go to the person that made the completion of this work possible in the first place, my
doctoral advisor Professor Dr. Wolfram Mauser. As the head of the Chair of Geography and
Remote Sensing at the Department of Geography of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität of
Munich, he not only provided me with excellent working conditions in form of a fully equipped
workspace, huge amounts of calculation capacity and access to the full infrastructure of the
working group, he also created a professional environment for me, where I was able to work in
the middle of a diligent team that covers a wide range of specialized research fields. Professor
Mauser also introduced me to the PROMET model and provided many assistant routines. For
his constructive criticism, his open mind towards own ideas, his ability to pinpoint the essentials
I Acknowledgements

of our work and his reassuring help with many tight situations, I would like to thank him
profoundly.
I would also like to express deep thanks to Professor Dr. Ralf Ludwig for the generous
acceptance of the efforts associated with the second review of this thesis.
My sympathy for the studying of plant physiological processes was enhanced by the scientific
contributions of my dear colleague and project partner Dr. Natascha Oppelt. For her reliable
help with professional and personal questions and her will to struggle through the administrative
obstacles of project management for both of us, I would like to thank her very much.
I also wish to thank Dr. Heike Bach from VISTA - Remote Sensing in Geosciences GmbH for
the continuous development of the PROMET Model and for the contribution of numerous
assistant routines.
Great thanks also go to Professor Dr. Karl Schneider from the workgroup Hydrogeography and
Climatology of the Institute of Geography of the University of Cologne for generously passing on
his knowledge on the dynamic modelling of canopy related land surface processes.
The work at the Chair of Geography and Remote Sensing was accompanied by a constant
reciprocal flux of discussion and help from my fellow Ph.D. students. First of all there are to
mention Matthias Bernhardt and Thomas Marke, who both luckily survived sharing the office
with me and whom I would like to thank for the cooperative and entertaining time during the past
years. Also big thanks go to Markus Probeck for assisting me with my first steps of
programming and for his help with the untangling of foreign code. For their cooperative
assistance with the most diverse challenges concerning the PROMET model, I would like to
thank my fellow Ph.D. students Markus Muerth and Monika Prasch. Also thanks for the
wonderful time go to my other Ph.D. colleagues, as there are alphabetically arranged Carola
Weiss, Daniel Waldmann, Khaled Haider, Monika Tepfenhart and Susan Niebergall.
Additional thanks are due to my colleagues from the faculty, Dr. Ulrich Strasser for his most
entertaining and diverting discussions during the lunch breaks and Dr. Alexander Löw for his
tolerating assistance with programming questions. I would also like to thank Dr. Marco Braun
and Dr. Christoph Heinzeller for their reassuring way of sharing their experiences with the
graduation process. Also thanks go to Mrs. Vera Erfurth, who has been a reliable contact for the
diverse questions of every day problems during the past years.
In the scope of the diverse field campaigns that have contributed data to this project, a multitude
of student assistants was engaged. Thanks in alphabetical order go to Andrea Reiter, Claudia
Hundseder, Frank Färber, Franziska Koch, Inga May, Jens Neumeister, Johanna Dall’ Amico,
Julia Jaenicke, Nathalie Ohl, Sascha Berger and Stephanie Wegscheider.
Many thanks go to the proprietors of the test sites that were part of the diverse sampling
campaigns. Special thanks are due to Max Stürzer senior and to Max Stürzer junior for
II Acknowledgements

permitting the plant physiological sampling campaigns to be conducted on their acres during
consecutive years as well as for the provision of the digital yield map.
Also thanks go to the Bavarian land surveying office for the generous provision of the high
resolution digital elevation model and the orthorectified aerial photographs of the field test sites.
It is of personal concern to me to express my thanks to Mr Akira Araki and the Yamaha Motor
Corporation Ltd. for the construction of the Vmax and also to the members of the Bavarian
Vmaxxers regulars table “Bayernmaxxer” for the welcome moments of diversion in times of
exertion.
I dearly want to thank my girlfriend Christina Walter, who has been a source of confidence and
strength in times of strain and who has uncomplainingly suffered the phases of neglect during
the final stage of this work.
Last but not least, the thanks for the completion of this thesis are due to my family. The support
of my parents, step-parents and sisters, who did not fail to help and assist in every way
possible, has paved the way of my life ever since. My dearest thanks go to my mother for her
love beyond measure and her undying trust in me and the things I do. To her, this work is
dedicated.
III Content

Table of Contents



Acknowledgements I

Tables
Table of Contents IV
List of Figures VIII
List of Tables XXI
List of Equations XXIV
List of Acronyms XXIX

1. Introduction
1.1 Physically based Modelling and Climate Change 001
1.2 State of the Art 002
1.3 Motivation and Goals of the Thesis 004
1.4 Biological Modelling 008
1.5 Photosynthetic Processes 009
1.5.1 “Light” Reaction 010
1.5.2 “Dark” Reaction (Carbon Fixation) 012
1.5.2.1 The Calvin-Cycle of C Plants 012 3
1.5.2.2 The Hatch-Slack-Cycle of C Plants 014 4
1.6 The Leaf Photosynthesis Model by Farquhar, von Caemmerer and Berry 015

2. The Upper Danube Catchment
2.1 Natural Realities 017
2.2 Geology and G