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Publié par | humboldt-universitat_zu_berlin |
Publié le | 01 janvier 2009 |
Nombre de lectures | 40 |
Langue | English |
Poids de l'ouvrage | 2 Mo |
Extrait
DISSERTATION
ANALYSIS OF HUMAN ANTIGEN‐EXPERIENCED
CD4 T CELLS ACCORDING TO IL7Rα and CCR7
EXPRESSION
zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades
doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.)
im Fach Biologie
eingereicht an der
Mathematisch‐Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät I
der Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin
von
Diplom‐Biologin Laura Lozza
geb. am 14.02.1976 in Varese (Italien)
Präsident der Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Christoph Markschies
Dekan der Mathematisch‐Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät I
Prof. Dr. Lutz‐Helmut Schön
Gutachter:
1. ..Prof. Dr. Alf Hamann......................................
2. Dr. Andreas Radbruch......................................
3. ..Dr. Michal Or‐Guil......................................
Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: .16.06.2009...............
2
a nonno Renzo
3
4
INDEX
5
6
Index
1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................11
1.1 General introduction to the immune system and T cell biology....................................13
1.2 Role of chemokine receptors in regulating T cell traffic................................................15
1.2.1 CCR7 as a key factor to enter the secondary lymphoid organs.............................16
1.2.2 Chemokine receptor expression reflects the functions of T cells..........................17
1.3 Definition of memory T cell subsets: T , T and T cells........................................19 CM EM EMRA
1.3.1 Heterogeneity of human T cells..........................................................................20 CM
1.4 Effector T cells................................................................................................................21
1.5 Generation and maintenance of memory T cells...........................................................22
1.5.1 IL‐2, IL‐15, IL‐7 cytokines and their receptors........................................................22
1.5.2 Naive T cell maintenance.......................................................................................25
1.5.3 T cell activation and clonal expansion....................................................................25
1.5.4 Memory T cell generation and the role of IL7Rα...................................................25
1.5.5 Maintenance of memory T cells.............................................................................27
1.6 Understanding the generation of memory T cells.........................................................27
1.6.1 Definition of signal strength and fitness................................................................27
1.6.2 Lineage relationship of memory T cells..................................................................29
2 AIM OF THE WORK..........................................................................................................33
3 MATERIALS AND METHODS............................................................................................37
3.1 Materials........................................................................................................................39
3.2 Cell culture handling.......................................................................................................43
3.3 Isolation of PBMC...........................................................................................................43
3.4 Magnetic cell separation (MACS®).................................................................................43
3.4.1 Isolation of monocytes...........................................................................................44
3.4.2 Isolation of CD4 T cells44
3.5 Immunofluorescence, Flow Cytometry and FACS..........................................................45
3.5.1 Analysis of surface molecules................................................................................47
3.5.2 Intracellular staining...............................................................................................47
3.5.3 Naive T cell sorting.................................................................................................48
3.5.4 Antigen‐experienced T cell sorting.........................................................................49
3.6 Labeling of T cells with CFDA‐SE.....................................................................................49
3.7 Cell culture conditions....................................................................................................50
3.7.1 In vitro priming of naive CD4 T cells.......................................................................50
3.7.2 Stimulation conditions for analysis of proliferation...............................................50
7
Index
3.7.3 Stimulation conditions for analysis of cytokine production...................................51
3.7.4 for analysis of cell signaling...............................................52
3.8 Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)................................................................52
3.9 Detection of phosphoproteins by immunoblotting.......................................................53
3.10 Microarray......................................................................................................................54
3.11 Statistical analysis...........................................................................................................55
4 RESULTS..........................................................................................................................57
4.1 Analysis of in vitro generated TSST‐specific CD4 T cells according to IL7R and
CCR7 expression.............................................................................................................59
+4.1.1 Modulation of IL‐7R (IL7R)expression in human CD4 T cells primed by
different levels of stimulation................................................................................59
+4.1.2 Functional properties of human primed CD4 T cells defined by IL7R and CCR7..62
hi +4.1.3 Properties of the IL7R CCR7 subset generated at different strengths
of stimulation.........................................................................................................64
hi +4.1.4 Cytokine receptor signaling capacity of IL7R CCR7 T cells obtained at
different levels of stimulation67
hi +4.1.5 Gene expression profile of high stimulated IL7R CCR7 T cells.............................69
4.2 Analysis of ex vivo antigen‐experienced CD4 T cells according to the expression
of IL7R and CCR7................................................................................................................72
4.2.1 F