Dietary patterns and odds of Type 2 diabetes in Beirut, Lebanon: a case–control study

Naja Farah, Hwalla Nahla, Itani Leila, Salem Maya, Azar, Zeidan, Nasreddine, Nasreddine Lara

Description

In Lebanon, Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has a major public health impact through high disease prevalence, significant downstream pathophysiologic effects, and enormous financial liabilities. Diet is an important environmental factor in the development and prevention of T2D. Dietary patterns may exert greater effects on health than individual foods, nutrients, or food groups. The objective of this study is to examine the association between dietary patterns and the odds of T2D among Lebanese adults. Methods Fifty-eight recently diagnosed cases of T2D and 116 population-based age, sex, and place of residence matched control participants were interviewed. Data collection included a standard socio-demographic and lifestyle questionnaire. Dietary intake was evaluated by a semi-quantitative 97-item food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements including weight, height, waist circumference, and percent body fat were also obtained. Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations of extracted patterns with T2D. Pearson correlations between these patterns and obesity markers, energy, and nutrient intakes were also examined. Results Four dietary patterns were identified: Refined Grains & Desserts, Traditional Lebanese, Fast Food and Meat & Alcohol. While scores of the “Refined Grains & Desserts” had the highest correlations with energy (r = 0.74) and carbohydrates (r = 0.22), those of the “Fast Food” had the highest correlation with fat intake (r = 0.34). After adjustment for socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics, scores of the Refined Grains & Desserts and Fast Food patterns were associated with higher odds of T2D (OR: 3.85, CI: 1.13-11.23 and OR: 2.80, CI: 1.14-5.59; respectively) and scores of the Traditional Lebanese pattern were inversely associated with the odds of T2D (OR: 0.46, CI: 0.22-0.97). Conclusions The findings of this study demonstrate direct associations of the Refined Grains & Desserts and Fast Food patterns with T2D and an inverse association between the Traditional Lebanese pattern and the disease among Lebanese adults. These results may guide the development of nutrition interventions for the prevention and management of T2D among Lebanese adults.

Sujets

• Lebanon
• Diabetes mellitus type 2

Informations

• Publié par: biomed
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2012
• Nombre de lectures: 22
• Langue: English

Extrait

Najaet al. Nutrition & Metabolism2012,9:111 http://www.nutritionandmetabolism.com/content/9/1/111

R E S E A R C HOpen Access Dietary patterns and odds of Type 2 diabetes in Beirut, Lebanon: a case–control study 1,3 1,31 12 1 Farah Naja, Nahla Hwalla, Leila Itani , Maya Salem , Sami T Azar , Maya Nabhani Zeidan 1,3* and Lara Nasreddine

Abstract Background:In Lebanon, Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has a major public health impact through high disease prevalence, significant downstream pathophysiologic effects, and enormous financial liabilities. Diet is an important environmental factor in the development and prevention of T2D. Dietary patterns may exert greater effects on health than individual foods, nutrients, or food groups. The objective of this study is to examine the association between dietary patterns and the odds of T2D among Lebanese adults. Methods:Fiftyeight recently diagnosed cases of T2D and 116 populationbased age, sex, and place of residence matched control participants were interviewed. Data collection included a standard sociodemographic and lifestyle questionnaire. Dietary intake was evaluated by a semiquantitative 97item food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements including weight, height, waist circumference, and percent body fat were also obtained. Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations of extracted patterns with T2D. Pearson correlations between these patterns and obesity markers, energy, and nutrient intakes were also examined. Results:Four dietary patterns were identified: Refined Grains & Desserts, Traditional Lebanese, Fast Food and Meat & Alcohol. While scores of the“Refined Grains & Desserts”had the highest correlations with energy (rand= 0.74) carbohydrates (r= 0.22),those of the“Fast Food”0.34). Afterhad the highest correlation with fat intake (r = adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, scores of the Refined Grains & Desserts and Fast Food patterns were associated with higher odds of T2D (OR: 3.85, CI: 1.1311.23 and OR: 2.80, CI: 1.145.59; respectively) and scores of the Traditional Lebanese pattern were inversely associated with the odds of T2D (OR: 0.46, CI: 0.220.97). Conclusions:The findings of this study demonstrate direct associations of the Refined Grains & Desserts and Fast Food patterns with T2D and an inverse association between the Traditional Lebanese pattern and the disease among Lebanese adults. These results may guide the development of nutrition interventions for the prevention and management of T2D among Lebanese adults. Keywords:Dietary patterns, Lebanon, Type 2 diabetes

* Correspondence: [e-mail] 1 Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P. O. Box 11–0236, Riad ElSolh, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon 3 Members of the Public Health and Nutrition (PHAN) Research Group at the American University of Beirut, P.O.Box 11–0236, Riad ElSolh, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon Full list of author information is available at the end of the article

© 2012 Naja et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.