Essays on nonlinearity in economic time series [Elektronische Ressource] / Florian Heinen
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Essays on nonlinearity in economic time series [Elektronische Ressource] / Florian Heinen

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Essays on nonlinearity in economic time seriesVon der Wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fakult¨at derGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universit¨at Hannoverzur Erlangung des akademischen GradesDoktor der Wirtschaftswissenschaften– Doctor rerum politicarum –genehmigte Dissertationvon¨Diplom - Okonom Florian Heinengeboren am 29. Oktober 1981 in Bielefeld2011Referent: Prof. Dr. Philipp Sibbertsen, Leibniz Universitat Hannover¨Koreferent: Prof. Dr. Lukas Menkhoff, Leibniz Universita¨t HannoverTag der Promotion: 16.08.2011We have not succeeded in answering all our problems. Theanswers we have found only serve to raise a whole set of newquestions. In some ways we feel we are as confused as ever,but we believe we are confused on a higher level and aboutmore important things.– Posted outside the mathematics reading room,Tromsø University; cited from Øksendahl (2003).IIIAcknowledgementsSeveral people contributed to this thesis in different ways.First and foremost I am greatly indebted to my advisor and co-author Prof. Dr. Philipp Sib-bertsen. He gave me a lot of liberties and constant encouragement while working on this thesis.I benefited greatly from his insight and experience.I am also thankful to Prof. Dr. Lukas Menkhoff for agreeing to be the second examiner of thisthesis and to Prof. Dr. Olaf Hubler for chairing my examination board.¨¨ ¨My other co-authors Dr. Stefanie Michael, Dipl.-Ok. Hendrik Kaufmann and Dipl.-Ok.

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Publié le 01 janvier 2011
Nombre de lectures 22
Langue English
Poids de l'ouvrage 1 Mo

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Essays on nonlinearity in economic time series
Von der Wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fakult¨at der
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universita¨t Hannover
zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades
Doktor der Wirtschaftswissenschaften
– Doctor rerum politicarum –
genehmigte Dissertation
von
¨Diplom - Okonom Florian Heinen
geboren am 29. Oktober 1981 in Bielefeld
2011Referent: Prof. Dr. Philipp Sibbertsen, Leibniz Universitat Hannover¨
Koreferent: Prof. Dr. Lukas Menkhoff, Leibniz Universita¨t Hannover
Tag der Promotion: 16.08.2011We have not succeeded in answering all our problems. The
answers we have found only serve to raise a whole set of new
questions. In some ways we feel we are as confused as ever,
but we believe we are confused on a higher level and about
more important things.
– Posted outside the mathematics reading room,
Tromsø University; cited from Øksendahl (2003).III
Acknowledgements
Several people contributed to this thesis in different ways.
First and foremost I am greatly indebted to my advisor and co-author Prof. Dr. Philipp Sib-
bertsen. He gave me a lot of liberties and constant encouragement while working on this thesis.
I benefited greatly from his insight and experience.
I am also thankful to Prof. Dr. Lukas Menkhoff for agreeing to be the second examiner of this
thesis and to Prof. Dr. Olaf Hubler for chairing my examination board.¨
¨ ¨My other co-authors Dr. Stefanie Michael, Dipl.-Ok. Hendrik Kaufmann and Dipl.-Ok. Juliane
Willert who worked with me on parts of this thesis deserve my thanks for sharing the workload
with me.
DuringthelastthreeyearswhileworkingonthisthesismycolleaguesattheInstituteofStatistics
always provided a good working environment which made the research both fun and produc-
Ative. Special thanks are due to Stefanie for helping me with several LT X problems and sharingE
various templates which made the work much easier and to Juliane for helping me with various
computer and (especially) administrative issues.
Special thanks are also due to my parents for their constant support during the last years and
for fostering my education. I hope that this thesis is a better answer to what I have done over
the last years than all the ”Good”s and ”Lot’s of work”s in the past.
Throughoutmy researchI received financial supportfrom the DeutscheForschungsgemeinschaft
(DFG) which I gratefully acknowledge.
Hannover, August 2011
Florian HeinenIV
Kurzfassung
Die AnalysenichtlinearenVerhaltens okonomischerZeitreihen, hataufgrundihrerImplikationen¨
fu¨r die Anwendung und Analyse o¨konomischer Theorien einer lange Tradition in der Statistik
¨undOkonometrie. Diese Arbeit beinhaltet fu¨nf Kapitel, die sich mit unterschiedlichenAspekten
von nichtlinearem Verhalten in okonomischen Zeitreihen beschaftigen.¨ ¨
Kapitel 2, verfasst mit Stefanie Michael und Philipp Sibbertsen, untersucht das exponential
smooth transition autoregressive model (ESTAR). Dieses Modell besitzt die Eigenschaft, dass
derParameterderdieNichtlinearita¨tsteuertschwierigzusch¨atzenist. Dieses Kapitelbeinhaltet
eine detailierte Studie der Eigenschaften dieses Parameters und es wird gezeigt, dass er unter
bestimmtenBedingungennichtidentifizierbarist. EswirdeinneuesModell, dasTSTARModell,
vorgeschlagen, dass diese Eigenschaft verbessert. Zusatzlich wird ein Linearitatstest sowie ein¨ ¨
Einheitswurzeltest entwickelt. Kapitel 3 erweitert die Betrachtung des TSTAR Modells, indem
verschiedene Fehlspezifikationstests fu¨r dieses Modell entwickelt werden.
Kapitel 4, verfasst mit Hendrik Kaufmann und Philipp Sibbertsen, untersucht die Theorie
¨der Kaufkraftparit¨at aus der Perspektive der Okonometrie. Da die Modellierung realer Wech-
selkurse, als Maß fur die Abweichung von der Kaufkraftparitat, mit unterschiedlichen Modellen¨ ¨
erfolgenkann,diewiederumunterschiedliche¨okonomischeErkla¨rungsansa¨tzezulassen,istesvon
Interesse diese Modelle unterscheiden zu ko¨nnen. In Kapitel 4 wird eine solche Methode auf Ba-
sisrechenintensiverVerfahrenvorgeschlagenundaufverschiedenerealeWechselkurseangewand.
Das Kapitel 5 besch¨aftigt sich mit der Frage, ob Standardinferenztechniken der Statistik durch
¨nichtlineareDatentransformationinihrenEigenschaftenbeeinflusstwerden. DainderOkonomie
ha¨ufig eine logarithmische Transformation der Daten vorgenommen wird, ist es wichtig zu un-
tersuchen, ob und inwiefern die Testresultate ihre Aussagekraft behalten.
Kapitel 6, verfasst mit Juliane Willert, n¨ahert sich den Nichtlinearita¨ten aus einem anderen
Blickwinkel. Da nichtlineares Verhalten haufig durch Regimewechselmodelle beschrieben wird,¨
sind Struktur¨anderungen und Nichtlinearita¨ten eng verwand. Dieses Kapitel entwickelt eine
Methode,dieeserlaubteineStruktura¨nderungderPersistenzeinerZeitreiheaufzudecken,sobald
neue Daten eintreffen. Die zusatzliche Schwierigkeit ergibt sich dadurch, dass die Zeitreihe eine¨
langfristige Korrelationstruktur aufweisen kann.
Schlagwo¨rter: Nichtlinearit¨aten, Spezifikationstests, Identifikationsproblem, Kaufkraftparita¨tV
Short summary
The analysis of nonlinear behavior in economic time series has a long standing tradition in
econometrics and statistics due to the implications for the application and analysis of economic
theories. This collection of five essays deals with different aspects of nonlinearity in economic
time series.
Chapter 2, co-authored with Stefanie Michael and Philipp Sibbertsen, analyzes the exponential
smooth transition autoregressive model (ESTAR). This model possesses the property that it is
hard to obtain a reliable estimate for the parameter that governs the nonlinearity. This chapter
contains a detailed study of the properties of this parameter and we are able to show that it
is unidentified under certain conditions. A new model, termed the TSTAR model, is proposed
that improves on the ESTAR in terms of identifiability. Additionally a linearity test and an
unit root test is proposed for this model. Chapter 3 extends the study of the TSTAR model by
proposing various kinds of misspecification tests.
Chapter 4, co-authored with Hendrik Kaufmann and Philipp Sibbertsen, deals with the pur-
chasing power parity from an econometric perspective. Because modeling real exchange rates,
as a measure of deviation from purchasing power parity, can be accomplished using different
models that might lead to different economic theories it is of interest to discriminate between
these models. In chapter 4 such a method, based on computational intensive techniques, is
proposed and applied to various real exchange rates. Chapter 5 deals with the question whether
the properties of standard inference techniques are affected by nonlinear data transformation.
Because in applied economics the logarithm is applied frequently to the data it is important
to know whether the test results remain reliable. Chapter 6, co-authored with Juliane Willert,
approaches nonlinearity from a different angle. As nonlinearities are frequently captured by
regime switching models, structural change and nonlinearity are closely intertwined. This chap-
ter develops a method that allows to detect changes in the persistence property of a time series
whenever new data arrives. The additional difficulty is that the time series under study is al-
lowed to display long range dependency.
Keywords: Nonlinearities, Specification testing, Identificationproblem, PurchasingPower ParityContents VI
Contents
1 Introduction 1
2 Two competitive models and their identification problem: The ESTAR and
TSTAR model 5
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Exponential Smooth Transition Autoregressive Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2.1 The Identification Problem of the ESTAR model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3 The TSTAR Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.3.1 Linearity testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3.2 Unit Root Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3.3 Monte Carlo Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.4 Empirical Illustration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.6 Appendix: Proofs and Technical Lemmas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3 Evaluating a class of nonlinear time series models 43
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.2 The modeling cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.3 Choosing the transition function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.4 Residual based misspecification tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.4.1 Test of serial independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.4.2 Test of no remaining nonlinearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.4.3 Test of parameter constancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.5 Generalized impulse response function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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