Evaluierung des zoonotischen Risikos von Escherichia-coli-Stämmen assoziiert mit extraintestinalen Infektionen bei Menschen und Tieren [Elektronische Ressource] : Charakterisierung neuer Virulenzfaktoren von ExPEC = Evaluation of the zoonotic risk of Escherichia coli strains involved in extraintestinal infections of humans and animals / vorgelegt von Philippe Michel Paul Bauchart
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Evaluierung des zoonotischen Risikos von Escherichia-coli-Stämmen assoziiert mit extraintestinalen Infektionen bei Menschen und Tieren [Elektronische Ressource] : Charakterisierung neuer Virulenzfaktoren von ExPEC = Evaluation of the zoonotic risk of Escherichia coli strains involved in extraintestinal infections of humans and animals / vorgelegt von Philippe Michel Paul Bauchart

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204 pages
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Evaluierung des Zoonotischen Risikos von Escherichia coli Stämmen assoziiert mit Extraintestinalen Infektionen bei Menschen und Tieren. Charakterisierung Neuer Virulenzfaktoren von ExPEC Evaluation of the Zoonotic Risk of Escherichia coli Strains involved in Extraintestinal Infections of Humans and Animals. Characterization of New Virulence Factors in ExPEC Dissertation zur Erlangung des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg vorgelegt von Philippe Michel Paul Bauchart aus Toulouse (Frankreich) Würzburg, September 2009 Eingereicht am: Mitglieder der Promotionskomission: Vorsitzender: .............................................................. 1. Gutachter: Professor Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. J Hacker 2. Gutachter: Professor E. Oswald Tag des Promotionskolloquiums: Doktorurkunde ausgehändigt am: Erklärung Gemäß § 4 Abs. 3 Ziff. 3, 5 und 8 der Promotionsordnung der Fakultät für Biologie der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg. Ich versichere hiermit, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbständig und nur unter Verwendung der angegebenen Quellen und Hilfsmittel verfasst habe.

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Publié par
Publié le 01 janvier 2009
Nombre de lectures 53
Langue Deutsch
Poids de l'ouvrage 1 Mo

Extrait

















































Evaluierung des Zoonotischen Risikos von
Escherichia coli Stämmen assoziiert mit
Extraintestinalen Infektionen bei Menschen
und Tieren. Charakterisierung Neuer
Virulenzfaktoren von ExPEC



Evaluation of the Zoonotic Risk of
Escherichia coli Strains involved in
Extraintestinal Infections of Humans and
Animals. Characterization of New Virulence
Factors in ExPEC






Dissertation
zur Erlangung des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades
der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg



vorgelegt von



Philippe Michel Paul Bauchart

aus Toulouse (Frankreich)



Würzburg, September 2009





























Eingereicht am:

Mitglieder der Promotionskomission:

Vorsitzender: ..............................................................
1. Gutachter: Professor Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. J Hacker
2. Gutachter: Professor E. Oswald

Tag des Promotionskolloquiums:

Doktorurkunde ausgehändigt am:

Erklärung
Gemäß § 4 Abs. 3 Ziff. 3, 5 und 8 der Promotionsordnung der Fakultät für Biologie der
Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg.




























Ich versichere hiermit, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbständig und nur unter
Verwendung der angegebenen Quellen und Hilfsmittel verfasst habe.
Weiterhin versichere ich, dass die Dissertation bisher nicht in gleicher oder ähnlicher
Form in einem anderen Prüfungsverfahren vorgelegen hat und ich bisher keine
akademischen Grade erworben oder zu erweben versucht habe.



Würzburg, im September 2009



(Philippe Michel Paul Bauchart)

Acknowledgment

First, I would like to thank Prof Dr. Drs. h. c. J. Hacker for giving me the opportunity to
work in his group at the Institute for Molecular Infection Biology. I thank him and PD
Dr. Ulrich Dobrindt for their support, their interest, their advice in these projects and for
giving me the opportunity to be independent and autonomous. I deeply thank PD Dr.
Ulrich Dobrindt for the correction of this manuscript.

I thank Prof. Timo Korhonen and Timo Lehti for the fruitful collaboration and their
advice during the Mat fimbriae project.
I thank Dr. Pierre Germon and his technical collaborators for his advice and support
concerning the animal experiments with chicken, as well as Dr. Gabor Nagy for the mice
infection experiments.

My grateful thanks to Dr. Eric Oswald and Dr. Jean-Philippe Nougaryède for their
scientific advice and support I have received.
I especially thank Barbara Plaschke for her technical advice and support in many fields,
Annabell Marr, who reproduced the biofilm experiments, and Julia Nusser for sequencing
the clones of the last Race experiments on MG1655.

I thank all the past and presents members of Coli, Staph, Streptoccocus and Legionella
groups for their technical advice, especially Stefan, Kristina, Caroline, Simone, Claudia,
Martin, Hennes, Sebastian, Ted, Lubo, Grit, Karin, Torben, Sabine, Melanie…may those
I have forgotten in this list forgive me!
I thank especially all the persons who contaminated my desk when they worked in the
clean bench; the ones who tried (and sometimes succeeded) to teach me important
german sentences; Steffi, Doris and Tina for the very good neighborhood; Roswitha who
finished building a wall after few weeks.
I also have a special thought for the people who contributed to my life outside of the lab,
especially Barbara Plaschke, Caroline, Susanne, Stefan, Jarek, Kai, Grit, Eva, Tino,
Barbara Middendorf, Martin, Ted, my neighbors Burkhard and Isabell, and many
foreigners I met at the German courses. I am glad to have been introduced to very good
beer and excellent white wine (I am still looking for red wine), Franconian “specialities”,
and “Grünkohl” day.
Of course, all this could not have happen without the unconditional support of my close
friends and family, especially my sister, mother and uncle.

Finally, I'm very grateful to the “Bayerische Forschungsstiftung” for their financial
support and to all the jury members who accepted to evaluate this work.



Table of content
Table of content

1. Summary......................................................................................................................... 1
Zusammenfassung............................................................................................................... 3
2. Introduction..................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Escherichia coli, a versatile bacterium ..................................................................... 5
2.1.1 Origin of Escherichia coli.................................................................................. 7
2.1.2 Non-pathogenic.................................................................................................. 8
2.2 E. coli Infections ....................................................................................................... 9
2.2.1 E. coli involved in intestinal infections............................................................ 11
2.2.1.1 Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) ................................................................. 11
2.2.1.2 Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC).................................................................... 13
2.2.1.3 Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) ............................................................ 14
2.2.1.4 Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)................................................................ 15
2.2.1.5 Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)....................................................................... 16
2.2.1.6 Diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC)............................................................... 18
2.2.2 Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli..................................................... 18
2.2.2.1 The UPEC pathotype .................................................................................... 19
2.2.2.2 Meningitis/Sepsis-associated E. coli (MNEC, SEPEC) ............................... 21
2.2.2.3 The APEC pathotype .................................................................................... 23
2.3 Virulence factors of ExPEC.................................................................................... 26
2.3.1 Fimbrial adhesins............................................................................................. 26
2.3.1.1 Type 1-fimbriae ............................................................................................ 26
2.3.1.2 P-fimbriae ..................................................................................................... 29
2.3.1.3 S-/F1C-fimbriae ............................................................................................ 32
2.3.2 Curli fimbriae................................................................................................... 33
2.3.3 The IbeA protein.............................................................................................. 34
2.3.4 Iron acquisition systems................................................................................... 34
2.3.5 Phosphate transporter system (Pst) .................................................................. 38
2.3.6 The Tsh protein and other autotransporters ..................................................... 39
2.3.7 Complement resistance .................................................................................... 40
2.3.7.1 The K1 capsule ............................................................................................. 41
2.3.7.2 The outer membrane proteins OmpA, TraT and Iss ..................................... 42
2.3.7.3 The lipopolysaccharide complex .................................................................. 43
2.3.8 Toxins and bacteriocins ................................................................................... 46
2.4 Potential other virulence factors ............................................................................. 47
2.5 Aims of this study ................................................................................................... 49
3. Material..................................................................................................................... 51
3.1 Strains ........................................................................................................

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