Evolution of dioecy in the Cucurbitaceae genus Bryonia [Elektronische Ressource] : a phylogenetic, phylogeographic, and SCAR-marker approach / Stefanie M. Volz

Stefanie Volz

Sujets

• Biologie

Informations

• Publié par: ludwig-maximilians-universitat_munchen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2008
• Nombre de lectures: 26
• Langue: Deutsch
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 11 Mo

Extrait

Dissertation
zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften
an der Fakultät für Biologie
der Ludwig- Maximilians-Universität München














Evolution of dioecy in the Cucurbitaceae genus Bryonia –
a phylogenetic, phylogeographic, and SCAR-marker
approach


















Stefanie M. Volz
aus München, Deutschland
im September 2008


































1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Susanne S. Renner

2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Günther Heubl



Dissertation eingereicht am: 09.09.2008

Mündliche Prüfung am: 16.09.2009













Erklärung:

Diese Dissertation wurde im Sinne von § 12 der Promotionsordnung der LMU von
Frau Professor Dr. S. S. Renner betreut. Ich erkläre hiermit, dass die Dissertation
nicht einer anderen Prüfungskommission vorgelegt worden ist und, dass ich mich
nicht anderweitig einer Doktorprüfung ohne Erfolg unterzogen habe.



Ehrenwörtliche Versicherung:

Ich versichere hiermit ehrenwörtlich, dass die vorgelegte Dissertation von mir
selbstständig und ohne unerlaubte Hilfe angefertigt wurde.








Stefanie Volz

München, den 01.09.08










Note
Note

In this dissertation, I present the results of my doctoral research, carried out from January
2004 until August 2007 at the University of Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München), under the supervision of Professor Dr. S. S. Renner. It is organized in three
chapters, each representing a submitted manuscript.





For the work presented in chapter 1, I generated, analyzed, and interpreted the data. The
writing was done by myself and revised by S. S. Renner. chapter 1 is in press at the
American Journal of Botany under the following title:

VOLZ, S. M. and S. S. RENNER. Hybridization, polyploidy, and evolutionary
transitions between monoecy and dioecy in Bryonia (Cucurbitaceae).




For the work presented in chapter 2, I also generated, analyzed, and interpreted the data.
The writing was done by myself and S. S. Renner. This chapter is in press at Taxon under
the following title:

VOLZ, S. M. and S. S. RENNER. Phylogeography of the ancient Eurasian medicinal
plant genus Bryonia (Cucurbitaceae) inferred from nuclear and chloroplast
sequences.




For chapter 3, I performed the AFLP analyses and screened them for sex-linked markers.
Dr. R. K. Oyama and I developed the SCAR markers. The manuscript was mostly written by
R. K. Oyama and revised by S. S. Renner and myself. This chapter is in review at the
Journal of Evolutionary Biology under the following title:

OYAMA, R. K., S. M. VOLZ, and S. S. RENNER. A sex-linked SCAR marker in
Bryonia dioica (Cucurbitaceae), a dioecious species with XY sex-determination and
homomorphic sex chromosomes.




Contents
Note......................................................................................................................... 5
Contents .................................................................................................................. 7
Summary ................................................................................................................. 9
General Introduction...............................................................................................11
Literature cited....................................................................................................19
Chapter 1 ................................................................................................................23
Abstract ..............................................................................................................24
Introduction ........................................................................................................25
Materials and Methods........................................................................................27
Results ................................................................................................................31
Discussion ..........................................................................................................39
Acknowledgments ..............................................................................................42
Literature cited....................................................................................................42
Supplementary Material......................................................................................46
Chapter 2 ................................................................................................................59
Abstract ..............................................................................................................60
Introduction ........................................................................................................61
Materials and Methods........................................................................................62
Results ................................................................................................................65
Discussion ..........................................................................................................71
Conclusions ........................................................................................................75
Acknowledgements.............................................................................................75
Literature cited....................................................................................................76
Supplementary Material......................................................................................79
Chapter 3 ................................................................................................................87
Abstract ..............................................................................................................88
Introduction ........................................................................................................89
Materials and Methods........................................................................................90
Results ................................................................................................................94
Discussion ........................................................................................................101
Acknowledgments ............................................................................................105
Literature cited..................................................................................................105
Supplementary Material....................................................................................107
Curriculum vitae...................................................................................................111
Acknowledgments ................................................................................................115



Summary
Summary
Genetic crosses between the dioecious Bryonia dioica Jacq. (Cucurbitaceae) and the
monoecious B. alba L. in 1903 provided the first clear evidence for Mendelian inheritance of
dioecy and made B. dioica the classic case of XY sex determination in plants. We use
chloroplast (cp) and nuclear (nr) DNA sequences from 129 individuals representing all
morphological species to study species relationships and distribution, sexual system
evolution, and association of ploidy-level with dioecy in Bryonia. Chloroplast and nuclear
trees mostly fit morphological species concepts; there are seven dioecious and three
monoecious species, together ranging from the Canary Islands to Central Asia. Bryonia
verrucosa, the morphologically most differing species from the Canary Islands is sister to all
other species. Our data argue for the inclusion of the narrowly endemic Central Asian
species B. lappifolia and B. melanocarpa in B. monoica. Conflicts between cp and nr
topologies imply that the dioecious hexaploid B. cretica arose from hybridization(s)
involving the diploid species B. dioica, B. syriaca, and/or B. multiflora. The tetraploid B.
marmorata likely originated via autopolyploidy. The nr phylogeny implies at least two
transitions between dioecy and monoecy, but no correlation between change in sexual
system and ploidy level. Fossil-calibrated molecular clocks using family-wide rbcL data
with a Bryonia-centered sampling suggest that the deepest divergence in Bryonia occurred
ca. ten million years ago and that monoecious and dioecious species crossed in the classic
studies are separated by several