Gender Aspects of the Trade and Poverty Nexus

Maurizio Bussolo And Rafael E. De Hoyos

Description

Trade liberalization can create economic opportunities for poor people. But are these opportunities available to men and women equally? Do the gender disparities in access to education, health, credit, and other resources limit the gains from trade and the potential benefits to poor women? This volume introduces the gender dimension into empirical analyses of the links between trade and poverty, which can improve policy making.
The collection of chapters in this book is close to an ideal macro-micro evaluation technique that explicitly assesses the importance of gender in determining the poverty effects of trade shocks. Part I, relying on ex ante simulation approaches, focuses on the macroeconomic links between trade and gender, where labor market structure and its functioning play a key role. Part II concentrates on micro models of households and attempts to identify the ex post effects of trade shocks on household income levels and consumption choices. It also addresses questions about possible changes in inequality within households due to improved economic opportunities for women.
'Gender Aspects of the Trade and Poverty Nexus' will be invaluable to policy makers, development practitioners and researchers, journalists, and students.

Sujets

• Gender
• Poverty reduction

Informations

• Publié par: world-bank-publications
• Publié le: 09 avril 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 41
• EAN13: 9780821377635
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

GENDER ASPECTS
OF THE TRADE AND
POVERTY NEXUS
A Macro-Micro Approach
Maurizio Bussolo
Rafael E. De Hoyos
Editors
With a Foreword by Ravi KanburGENDER ASPECTS OF THE TRADE
AND POVERTY NEXUS
A Macro-Micro ApproachGENDER ASPECTS OF THE TRADE
AND POVERTY NEXUS
A Macro-Micro Approach
Maurizio Bussolo
Rafael E. De Hoyos
Editors
A COPUBLICATION OF PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
AND THE WORLD BANK©2009 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
1818 H Street, NW
Washington, DC 20433
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1 2 3 4 12 11 10 09
A copublication of The World Bank and Palgrave Macmillan.
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ISBN: 978-0-8213-7762-8 (soft cover) and 978-0-8213-7764-2 (hard cover)
eISBN: 978-0-8213-7763-5
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7762-8 (soft cover) and 10.1596/978-0-8213-7764-2 (hard cover)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Gender aspects of the trade and poverty nexus : a macro-micro approach / Maurizio
Bussolo and Rafael E. De Hoyos, editors.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8213-7762-8 (pbk.) — ISBN 978-0-8213-7764-2 (hardback) —
ISBN 978-0-8213-7763-5 (electronic)
1. Sex role. 2. Poverty. 3. Commerce. I. Bussolo, Maurizio, 1964- II. De Hoyos,
Rafael E.
HQ1075.B88 2008
339.4’6082—dc22
2008044224
Printed in the United StatesContents
Foreword by Ravi Kanbur xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Contributors xvii
Abbreviations xix
1 Gender Aspects of the Trade and Poverty Nexus:
Introduction and Overview 1
Maurizio Bussolo and Rafael E. De Hoyos
2The Gender Effects of Trade Liberalization in
Developing Countries: A Review of the Literature 25
Marzia Fontana
Part I. The Macro Approach: Social Accounting Matrices
and Computable General Equilibrium Models
of Trade, Gender, and Poverty
3 Oil Price Shocks, Poverty, and Gender: A Social
Accounting Matrix Analysis for Kenya 53
Jean-Pascal Nganou, Juan Carlos Parra,
and Quentin Wodon
4 Exports and Labor Income by Gender: A Social
Accounting Matrix Analysis for Senegal 81
Ismael Fofana, Juan Carlos Parra, and
Quentin Wodon
5 Trade, Growth, and Gender in Developing Countries:
A Comparison of Ghana, Honduras, Senegal, and
Uganda 111
John Cockburn, Bernard Decaluwé, Ismael Fofana,
and Véronique Robichaud
vvi contents
Part II. The Micro Approach: Household Models of
Trade, Gender, and Poverty
6 Higher Prices of Export Crops, Intrahousehold
Inequality, and Human Capital Accumulation
in Senegal 165
Maurizio Bussolo, Rafael E. De Hoyos, and
Quentin Wodon
7 More Coffee, More Cigarettes? Coffee Market
Liberalization, Gender, and Bargaining in Uganda 185
Jennifer Golan and Jann Lay
8Gender Impacts of Agricultural Liberalization:
Evidence from Ghana 217
Charles Ackah and Jann Lay
9Can Maquila Booms Reduce Poverty? Evidence from
Honduras 247
Rafael E. De Hoyos, Maurizio Bussolo, and
Oscar Núñez
Index 271
Figures
1.1 Trade and Poverty Links 4
3.1 Change in Cost of Living as a Result of a 25 Percent
Increase in Oil Price, by Gender and Poverty Status,
2001 Kenya SAM 66
3.2 Price Changes and Contribution to Change in Cost
of Living for Nonpoor and Ultrapoor Households
as a Result of a 25 Percent Increase in Oil Price, 2001
Kenya SAM 67
3.3 Price Change and Contribution to Change in Cost
of Living for Male- and Female-Headed Households
as a Result of a 25 Percent Increase in Oil Prices, 2001
Kenya SAM 68
4.1 Shares of Male and Female Workers in Senegal, by
Sector, 2002 91
4.2 Ratio of Female to Male W
Sector, 1995 and 2002 92
4.3 Impact of a 1 Percent Change in Aggregate Exports
on Male Labor and Labor Elasticity in Senegal,
by Sector 99contents vii
4.4 Impact of a 1 Percent Change in Aggregate Exports
on Female Labor and Labor Elasticity in Senegal,
by Sector 101
4.5 Relative Impact of a 1 Percent Change in Aggregate
Exports on Labor Income of Males and Females in
Senegal, by Sector 102
4.6
Exports on Labor Income of Rural and Urban
Workers in Senegal, by Sector 103
4.7
Exports on Labor Income of Illiterate and Literate
W104
6.1 Estimated Education Expenditure Effect of a
10 Percent Increase in Groundnut Income 178
9.1 Trade Openness in Honduras, 1990–2006 249
9.2 Composition of Exports in Honduras, 1990–2006 251
9.3 Percentage of Total Poverty Headcount Attributable
to Various Factors 264
Tables
1.1 Global Gender Disparities in Education 2
3.1 Technical Coeffi cients for the 2001 Kenya SAM 61
3.2 Sources of Income and Expenditure, by Location,
Level of Poverty, and Gender, Kenya SAM 2001 62
3.3 Impact of Exogenous Increase of 25 Percent in the
Price of Oil on Prices, by Sector, 2001 Kenya SAM 64
3.4 Impact on Cost of Living of a 25 Percent Increase
in Oil Prices, 2001 Kenya SAM 65
3.5 Price Multiplier Decomposition 68
4.1 Schematic Social Accounting Matrix 85
4.2 Sectoral Analysis for the 2004 Senegal SAM 87
4.3 Female and Male Employment in Senegal,
by Sector, 2002 90
4.4 Average Monthly Earnings by Females and Males in
Senegal, 1995 93
4.5 Labor Income Shares and Labor Intensity of Females
and Males in Senegal, by Sector, 2002 94
4.6 Female Labor Income Share and Labor Intensity in
Senegal SAM, by Sector, 2004 95
4.7 Effect of Exogenous Demand Shock of CFAF 1,000
Million on Labor in Senegal, by Sector and Population
Segment, 2004 96viii contents
4.8 Share of Total Multiplier Effect Caused by Indirect
Effects in Senegal, by Sector and Population Segment,
2004 98
5.1 Summary of Base SAMs in Ghana, Honduras, Senegal,
and Uganda 124
5.2 Initial Sectoral Shares, Ratios, and Tariffs in Ghana,
Honduras, Senegal, and Uganda 127
5.3 Trade and Production Responses to Trade
Liberalization in Ghana, Honduras, Senegal, and
Uganda, by Sector 128
5.4 Factor Market and Household Income Effects of
Trade Liberalization in Ghana, Honduras, Senegal,
and Uganda 132
5.5 Average Increase in Growth in Ghana, Honduras,
Senegal, and Uganda as a Result of Trade
Liberalization 139
5.6 Average Increase in Female Wage Gap in Ghana,
Honduras, Senegal, and Uganda as a Result of Trade
Liberalization142
6.1 Summary Statistics 174
6.2 Estimates of the Determinants of Consumption Shares
in Senegal 175
6.3 Difference in Preferences, Bargaining Power, and
Welfare Levels, by Expenditure Category 179
7.1 Estimated Impact of Increased Share of Coffee Income
on Expenditure Patterns in Uganda, 1992–2006 193
7.2 Control over Agricultural Output on Coffee and
Noncoffee Farms in Uganda, 2005/06 194
7.3 Impact of Bargaining Proxies on Coffee Yields in
Uganda, 1999/2000 and 2005/06 195
7A.1 Engel-Curve Estimates for 1992/93 198
7A.2 Engel-Curve Estimates for 1999/2000 200
7A.3 Eng