Gender-Sensitive Approaches for the Extractive Industry in Peru

Bernie Ward

Description

Large amounts of 'development assistance' in the form of infrastructure and social programs are annually made available to communities across Peru due the presence of extractive industry companies. These investments however do not always achieve the social development impact anticipated. As one company pointed out: "our company has invested millions of dollars in social programs in our neighboring communities, however the indicators for child malnutrition and maternal health have seen no noticeable improvement".
Communities base their support or rejection for extractive industry operations by weighing up the benefits against the risks; where the risk-benefit balance sheet does not look positive, conflict is likely. Companies, and the governments who benefit from their tax revenues, therefore work hard to reduce risks and increase benefits for communities: but this report confirms an overlooked aspect of the development outcomes: men are capturing more of the benefits and these are not necessarily reaching the wider family; whereas it is the women and children who experience more of the risks that arise from the presence of extractive industry projects.
The impact on women could be significantly improved by taking simple steps with little additional effort or cost - disaggregating data by sex, strengthening consultations with women, investigating issues of risk to women, improving women's access to benefits.
Additionally this report challenges the "development industry" (those non-governmental organizations, community-based organizations, universities, research centers, think tanks, funders, foundations and training organizations for whom the development of theories and practices to alleviate poverty is a primary objective.) to work more closely with local government and companies, sharing its knowledge on thematic issues such as gender (and other areas such as Rights-Based Approaches or Community-Driven Development) and on programs (such as maternal health, bi-lingual education, or productive chain development) to achieve what the NGOs, civil society and local government have within their mandates to deliver, and what the EI sector seeks.

Sujets

• Women
• Mining
• Gender
• Development
• Perú
• Women in the workforce
• Industry

Informations

• Publié par: world-bank-publications
• Publié le: 11 novembre 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 37
• EAN13: 9780821382776
• Langue: English

Extrait

DIRECTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT
Energy and Mining
Gender-Sensitive Approaches
for the Extractive Industry
in Peru
Improving the Impact on Women in Poverty
and Their Families
Bernie Ward with John Strongman Gender-Sensitive Approaches for the
Extractive Industry in PeruGender-Sensitive Approaches
for the Extractive Industry
in Peru
Improving the Impact on Women in Poverty
and Their Families
Bernie Ward
With John Strongman© 2011 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
1818 H Street NW
Washington DC 20433
Telephone: [phone]
Internet: www.worldbank.org
All rights reserved
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ISBN: 978-0-8213-8208-0
eISBN: 978-0-8213-8277-6
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8208-0
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been requested.
Cover photo: BartoszHadyniak@iStockphoto.
Cover design: Quantum ThinkContents
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xv
Abbreviations xvii
Chapter 1 Introduction and Methodology 1
The Financial Contribution of Extractive
Industries in Peru 1
The Sustainable Development of Extractive eru 2
Unequal Sharing of Benefits 3
Unequal Sharing of Risks 4
The Business Case for Taking Steps to Improve
the Development Effect on Women 6
The Way Forward 7
Methodology of the Study 8
Notes 10
References 11
vvi Contents
Chapter 2 The Contribution of Extractive Industries to
Sustainable Development in Peru 13
The Extractive Industry and Its Aid Contribution 13
The Sustainable Development Effect of the
Extractive Industry 15
The Community’s Cost-Benefit Analysis:
Revealing Itself through Conflict 20
The Effects of EI Projects on Communities
in Peru: Are the Benefits and Risks
Equally Shared? 22
Notes 29
References 30
Chapter 3 Current Practices of Extractive Industry
Companies in Peru in Their Interactions with
Women Living in Poverty 35
Research and Consultation 36
Socioeconomic Development Programs 48
Employment Practices 54
Conclusion 56
Notes 56
References 58
Chapter 4 The Business Case for Taking Steps to Improve
the Development Effect of Extractive Industry
Projects on Women 59
Disempowerment of Women: The Disadvantages
They Experience 59
Women as Agents for Sustainable Development:
Capturing the Benefits 65
Women and Conflict: Resolution and Escalation 68
Mobilization of Women: The Growing Discontent 72
Conclusion 73
Notes 73
References 74
Chapter 5 The Way Forward: Policy and Practice
Recommendations 77
Why Gender Is Still an Issue 77
Government 80Contents vii
EI Companies 88
Civil Society, Donors, and Nongovernmental
Organizations 97
Notes 106
Appendix A Benefits and Risks to Women in Peru Arising
from Extractive Industry Projects 107
Benefits 107
Risks 109
Appendix B Actions That Could Increase the Benefits and
Reduce the Risks for Women in Poverty in
Extractive Industry Project Areas 113
Government 113
Companies 115
Civil Society 119
Appendix C Mining Funding Resources 121
The Canon (Mining, Gas, and Oil) 121
The Voluntary Contribution 122
Royalties 124
Prevailing Rights Payments 124
Notes 125
References 125
Appendix D How Women Are Mobilizing 127
Notes 129
References 129
Appendix E Mining and Institutional Evolution in Peru 131
Notes 133
References 133
Appendix F Ministry of Energy and Mines Guidance 135
References 136
Appendix G Women and Decision Making in Peru 137
Women, Decision Making, and Family Violence
in Four Different Areas of Peruvian Societies 137
Women’s Organizations 142viii Contents
Public Decision Making 144
Conclusion 146
Notes 146
References 146
Appendix H What Is a Gender Approach and How Did It
Develop as a Concept? 149
References 152
Appendix I The Legal Framework in Peru That Supports
Work on Gender 153
National Regulations 153
Normative Frameworks: International
Commitments and National Policies That
Support Gender Equity Policies 154
Note 158
Reference 159
Appendix J Guidance Note Toolkit 161
Set Up Internal Systems 161
Understand the Risks for Women 163
Ensure Equal Consultation with Women 164
Incorporate Women Equitably into Workforce,
Land, and Resettlement Negotiations and
Social Development Programs 164
Participate in and Convene Multisector Dialogue 166
Strengthen Women’s Organizations 167
Final Observations 167
Tool 1: Identifying Issues of Importance to Women 168
Tool 2: Including Women Equitably in Research
and Consultations 171
Tool 3: Designing Gender-Inclusive
Social Programs 173
Note 179
Reference 179
Appendix K Organizations Consulted 181
Index 183