Integrating usability models into pervasive application development [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Paul Holleis

Paul Holleis

Sujets

• Informatik

Informations

• Publié par: ludwig-maximilians-universitat_munchen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 26
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 6 Mo

Extrait

Integrating Usability Models into
Pervasive Application Development


Paul Holleis


















München 2008









Integrating Usability Models into
Pervasive Application Development


Paul Holleis











Dissertation
an der Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Statistik
der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München




vorgelegt von
Paul Holleis
aus Bad Reichenhall





München, den 15.12.2008


































Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Albrecht Schmidt
Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Heinrich Hußmann
Externer Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Antonio Krüger
Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 19.01.2009














To my dad, who would have enjoyed reading this thesis.

Table of Contents vii
Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION AND STRUCTURE .......................................................................................................... 1
1.1 GOALS AND CONTRIBUTIONS .......................... 1
1.2 STRUCTURE ................................................. 2
2 DEVELOPING PERVASIVE APPLICATIONS ................................................................................................ 3
2.1 PERVASIVE COMPUTING ................................. 3
2.1.1 Brief History and Overview .............................................. 3
2.1.2 Applications and Related Terms ...................................................................... 5
2.2 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT PROCESS ........... 11
2.2.1 Prototyping .................................................................... 13
2.2.2 Implementation ............................................................................................. 15
2.2.3 Deployment ... 15
2.2.4 Evaluation ...................................................................... 16
3 USER MODELS FOR UI DESIGN .............................................................................................................. 19
3.1 USER MODELS – OVERVIEW ......................... 19
3.1.1 Descriptive Models ........................ 20
3.1.2 Predictive Models .......................................................................................................................... 21
3.2 COGNITIVE USER MODELS ............................ 24
3.2.1 GOMS: Goals, Operators, Methods, Selection Rules ...................................................................... 26
3.2.2 KLM: Keystroke-Level Model .......................................... 29
3.3 DISCUSSION AND APPLICATIONS OF THE GOMS FAMILY OF MODELS ... 32
3.4 KLM EXTENSIONS FOR ADVANCED MOBILE PHONE INTERACTIONS ...................................................................... 36
3.4.1 Physical Mobile Interactions .......................................... 36
3.4.2 Model Parameters ......................................................................................................................... 37
3.4.3 User Studies for Time Measurements ............................ 41
3.4.4 Evaluation of the Extended KLM .................................... 49
3.4.5 Discussion and Related Work ........................................................................ 50
3.5 FURTHER KLM EXTENSIONS ......................................................................................................................... 52
4 TOOLS FOR RAPID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT .................. 55
4.1 A REVIEW OF EXISTING PROTOTYPING TOOLKITS .............................................................................................. 55
4.1.1 Hardware-focused Toolkits ............................................ 55
4.1.2 Software-focused Toolkits ............................................................................. 58
4.1.3 Toolkits Tightly Combining Hardware and Software ..... 68
4.2 TOOLKIT REQUIREMENTS FOR PERVASIVE APPLICATIONS .................................................... 70
4.3 EITOOLKIT – DESIGN DECISIONS ................................................................ 84
4.3.1 Envisioned Application Scenarios ................................................................................................... 84
4.3.2 Requirements Identification .......... 85
4.4 ARCHITECTURE AND IMPLEMENTATION ........... 87 viii Table of Contents
5 PROTOTYPING USING EITOOLKIT AND USER MODELS ........................................................................... 95
5.1 DESCRIBING APPLICATION SEMANTICS WITH STATE GRAPHS ............... 95
5.1.1 Graph Theoretical Foundations ...................................... 95
5.1.2 Definition of the State Graph ......................................................................... 96
5.1.3 Advantages of Using State Graphs in User Interaction Design ...................... 97
5.2 GRAPHICAL, STATE-BASED APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT ..................................................................................... 98
5.2.1 Example 1: Output-state-based Development ............... 98
5.2.2 Example 2: Trigger-action-based Development ........... 102
5.3 COMBINING MODELS AND STATE-BASED PROTOTYPING TOOLS ......................................................................... 104
5.3.1 KLM Component for Combining Prototyping with User Modelling .............. 104
5.3.2 Example 1: Integration into the d.tools Environment .. 106
5.3.3 E 2: Intn into the Eclipse Environment .................................................................. 109
6 CASE STUDIES – APPLICATIONS BASED ON THE EITOOLKIT .. 111
6.1 DEVICE SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS ................................................................................................................... 111
6.2 TECHNOLOGY ENABLING APPLICATIONS ........ 112
6.2.1 Example Projects Using the Particle Microcontroller Platform .................... 112
6.2.2 Connection to Third Party Platforms and Components ................................................................ 119
6.3 DATA VISUALISATION TOOL WITH EXCHANGEABLE COMPONENTS ...................................... 121
6.4 WEARABLE COMPUTING ............................................................................................ 123
6.4.1 Related Work within Wearable Computing ................. 123
6.4.2 Touch Input on Clothing ............................................................................................................... 126
6.4.3 ut on Mobile Phone Keypads ........................ 138
7 PROTOTYPING MOBILE DEVICE APPLICATIONS ................................................................................... 143
7.1 INTRODUCTION AND RELATED WORK ............................................ 143
7.2 CREATING PROTOTYPES OF MOBILE PHONE APPLICATIONS ............... 147
7.2.1 Generating the Application Behaviour ......................................................................................... 148
7.2.2 Analysing Tasks during Application Creation ............... 152
7.3 IMPLEMENTATION ..................................................................................................................................... 154
7.4 MOBILE DEVICE SOURCE CODE GENERATION . 156
7.5 CAPABILITIES AND EXAMPLES ...................................................................................................................... 158
7.5.1 Supported Interactions and Features ........................... 158
7.5.2 Sample Applications ..................... 158
7.5.3 Extensibility of MAKEIT .................................................................................................................. 161
7.6 DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY ....................... 162
7.6.1 Initial Evaluation .......................... 162
7.6.2 Strengths of MAKEIT ...................................................................................................................... 162
8 SUMMARY AND FUTURE WORK ......................................... 163
8.1 SUMMARY OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS .............................................................................. 163
8.2 OUTLOOK AND FUTURE WORK .................... 169
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. 181
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................................................. 191 Abstract ix
Abstract
This thesis describes novel processes in two important areas of human-computer interaction (HCI) and
demonstrates ways to combine these in appropriate ways.
First, prototyping plays an essential role in the development of complex applications. This is especially true if a
user-centred design process is followed. We describe and compare a set of existing toolkits and frame