Investigations on bone metabolism in intact and ovariohysterectomised miniature pigs [Elektronische Ressource] / von Brenda Babel

Brenda Babel

Sujets

• Gesundheit

Informations

• Publié par: ludwig-maximilians-universitat_munchen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2007
• Nombre de lectures: 27
• Langue: Deutsch

Extrait

Aus dem Institut für
Physiologie, physiologische Chemie und Tierernährung
der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Geschäftsführender Vorstand:
Univ.-Prof. Dr. H.-J. Gabius



Arbeit angefertigt unter der Leitung von
Prof. Dr. W. A. Rambeck



Investigations on bone metabolism in intact and ovariohysterectomised
miniature pigs




Inaugural-Dissertation
zur Erlangung der tiermedizinischen Doktorwürde
der Tierärztlichen Fakultät
der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

von
Brenda Babel
aus
Rheda Wiedenbrück

München 2007













Gedruckt mit Genehmigung der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-
Universität München














Dekan: Prof. Dr. E. Märtlbauer

Referent: Prof. Dr. W. Rambeck

Korreferent: Prof. Dr. B. Aigner














Tag der Promotion: 09. Februar 2007




























This thesis is dedicated to my mother























Table of contents


1 Introduction and aim of this study ............................................................................ 3
2 Literature ................................................................................................................. 5
2.1. Definition .......................................................................................................... 5
2.2 World Health Organisation (WHO) definition of osteoporosis ........................... 5
2.2.1 Post menopausal osteoporosis ............................................................ 6
2.2.2 Secondary osteoporosis..................................................................... 10
2.3 Osteoporosis imaging 15
2.3.1 Osteodensitometry ............................................................................. 15
2.3.1.1 Dual X-ray Absorptiometry .............................................................. 15
2.3.1.2 Quantitative computer tomography ................................................. 17
2.3.1.3 Micro-computed tomography........................................................... 19
2.4 Biochemical parameters.................................................................................. 21
2.4.1 Markers of bone formation ................................................................. 21
2.4.1.1 Bone alkaline phosphatase ............................................................. 21
2.4.1.2 Osteocalcin ..................................................................................... 22
2.4.1.3 Propeptides of collagen type I ......................................................... 24
2.4.2 Markers of bone resorption ................................................................ 26
2.4.2.2 Pyridinium cross links (Pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline) ............ 27
2.4.2.3 Osteopontin 28
2.4.3 Markers of bone turnover ................................................................... 30
2.4.3.1 Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B, receptor activator of
nuclear factor kappa B ligand, osteoprotegerin............................ 30
2.4.3.2 Bone Sialoprotein (BSP).................................................................. 31
2.4.3.3 Osteonectin ..................................................................................... 33
2.4.4 Bone marker variability..................................................................... 34
2.5 Animal models used to study osteoporosis..................................................... 42
2.5.1 Small animal models .......................................................................... 43
2.5.1.1 Rodents........................................................................................... 43
2.5.2 Large animal models 44
2.5.2.1 Dogs................................................................................................ 44
2.5.2.2 Sheep.............................................................................................. 45
2.5.2.3 Primates (non -human).................................................................... 46
2.5.2.4 Pigs ................................................................................................. 47
2.6 Induction and simulation of post menopausal osteoporosis............................ 48
2.6.1 Oophorectomy, ovariohysterectomy................................................... 48
2.6.2 Immunocastration............................................................................... 49
3 Material and Methods ............................................................................................ 53
3.1 Animals used in this experiment ..................................................................... 53
3.1.1 Animals care during the experiment 53
3.1.1.1 Feed ration..................................................................................... 53
3.1.1.2 Energy ration................................................................................ 54
3.2 Feed Analysis ................................................................................................. 55
3.2.1 Weender Analysis .............................................................................. 55
3.2.2 Calcium and phosphorus determination............................................. 58
ITable of contents
3.3 Design of the experiment ............................................................................... 61
3.3.1 Ovulation synchronisation .................................................................. 61
3.3.2 Ovariohysterectomy ........................................................................... 63
3.3.2.1 Anaesthesia and preparation .......................................................... 63
3.3.2.2 Operation ........................................................................................ 63
3.3.2.3 Postoperative care .......................................................................... 64
3.4 Collection of blood samples 64
3.5 Analysing blood samples ................................................................................ 65
3.5.1 Determining progesterone concentrations.......................................... 65
3.5.2 Determining estradiol concentrations ................................................. 65
3.5.3 Determining bone markers................................................................. 66
3.5.3.1 C-terminal telopeptides of collagen type I ....................................... 66
3.5.3.2 Osteocalcin ..................................................................................... 67
4 Results........................................................................................................... 69
4.1 Weight gain prior to castration ....................................................................... 69
4.2 Pre-castration period....................................................................................... 72
4.2.1 Bone marker progression ................................................................... 72
4.2.1.1 Osteocalcin 72
4.2.1.2 Crosslaps ........................................................................................ 74
4.2.2 Hormone analysis............................................................................... 75
4.2.2.1 Progesterone concentrations .......................................................... 75
4.2.2.2 Estradiol concentrations................................................................. 77
4.3 Post-castration period.................................................................................... 79
4.3.1 Bone marker progression 79
4.3.1.1 Osteocalcin 79
4.3.1.2 Crosslaps....................................................................................... 80
4.3.2 Hormone analysis............................................................................... 82
4.3.2.1 Progesterone concentrations......................................................... 82
4.3.2.2 Estradiol conc 84
4.4. Comparing cycle stage, calculated cycle day, progesterone and estradiol
concentrations in all three groups .................................................................. 86
4.4.1 Pre-castration..................................................................................... 86
4.4.1.1 Control group .................................................................................. 86
4.4.1.2 OVX group ...................................................................................... 88
4.4.1.3 Second control group ...................................................................... 89
4.4.2 Post-castration ..................................................................................