Isolation and structure elucidation of bioactive secondary metabolites of sponge-derived fungi collected from the Mediterranean Sea (Italy) and Bali Sea (Indonesia) [Elektronische Ressource] = Isolierung und Strukturaufklärung bioaktiver Sekundärstoffe aus schwammassoziierten Pilzen aus dem Mittelmeer (Italien) und dem Balimeer / vorgelegt von Hefni Effendi

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• Biologie

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• Publié par: heinrich-heine-universitat_dusseldorf
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2004
• Nombre de lectures: 66
• Langue: Deutsch
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 12 Mo

Extrait

Isolation and structure elucidation
of bioactive secondary metabolites
of sponge-derived fungi collected from
the Mediterranean sea (Italy) and Bali sea (Indonesia)
[Isolierung und Strukturaufklärung bioaktiver Sekundärstoffe
aus schwammassoziierten Pilzen aus dem Mittelmeer (Italien)
und dem Balimeer (Indonesien)]
Inaugural - Dissertation
zur
Erlangung des Doktorgrades
der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät
der Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf
Vorgelegt von
Hefni Effendi
aus Birayang, Indonesien
Düsseldorf, 2004Gedruckt mit der Genehmigung der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät
der Heinrich-Heine Universität, Düsseldorf
Eingereicht am :
Referent : Prof. Dr. Peter Proksch
Korreferent : Dr. Rainer Ebel, Juniorprofessor
Tag der mündlichen Prüfung : 13. Januar 2004
iiTo my family
iiiErklärung
Hiermit erkläre ich ehrenwörtlich, daß ich die vorliegende Dissertation „Isolierung und
Strukturaufklärung bioaktiver Sekundärstoffe aus schwammassoziierten Pilzen aus dem Mittelmeer
(Italien) und dem Balimeer (Indonesien)“ selbständig angefertigt und keine anderen als die
angegebenen Quellen und Hilfsmittel angefertigt habe.
Diese Dissertation wurde weder in gleicher noch in ähnlicher Form in einem anderen
Prüfungsverfahren vorgelegt. Außerdem erkläre ich, daß ich bisher noch keine weiteren
akademischen Grade erworben oder zu erwerben versucht habe.
Düsseldorf, den 4.11.2003
Hefni Effendi
ivAcknowledgements
Without direct and indirect involvement of the following persons, this dissertation would have not been
made possible. I would like therefore to convey my sincere gratitude and thankfulness to:
Prof. Dr. Peter Proksch, my Doktorvater (supervisor) for giving me the chance of being involved in
marine natural product research and his continuous support, encouragement, and expertise.
Dr. Rainer Ebel (Juniorprofessor) for evaluating the dissertation. His guidance in structure elucidation
throughout the whole of the PhD programme was deeply appreciated.
The DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst) for providing scholarship grant of PhD
programme.
Dr. Victor Wray (Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung, Braunschweig) for measuring the
NMR spectra and aiding the structure elucidation.
Dr. Jan Hiort, who guided me patiently in the first few months of laboratory work, and made me
accustomed to the secondary metabolite extraction and isolation techniques.
The late Dr. Bambang W. Nugroho, Dr. Chaidir, and Dr. Ru Angelie Edrada who helped me much
during my first adaptation months in the institute, introduced me to the variety of isolation techniques,
and explained me regularly the basic NMR spectra interpretation and structure elucidation,
respectively.
Dr. Karsten Schaumann and Mr. Stefan Steffens (Alfred Wegener Institute for Marine and Polar
Ecology, Bremerhaven) for collection and mass cultivation of the Mediterranean sea-derived fungi as
well as species identification.
Dr. M. Assman and Dr. Thomas Fendert for the collection of Bali sea-derived fungi. Dr. R.A. Samson
(Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Netherlands) for the species identification of Bali sea-derived
fungi.
Dr. Klaus Steube (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig) for the
cytotoxycity tests.
Institute technical assistants (Ms. Katrin Kohnert, Mrs. Katja Friedrich, Mrs. Waltraud Schlag, Ms.
Sabine Borstel, Mr. Klaus Dieter Jansen, Mrs. Eva Müller, Ms. Katja Rätke) who never gave up
providing assistance and continuously supplied me with the laboratory equipments and solvents
during my laboratory work.
Institute secretary (Ms. Mareike Thiel) for indispensable helps in fulfilling the administration
requirements for obtaining the Stelle (working place) at the Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology in the
last few months of the PhD programme.
Miss Franka Teuscher who always kindly allocated her free time as a speak partner, when my daily life
in Düsseldorf had not gone well, and made my Deutsch getting better.
Other German present and past colleagues (Ms. Bärbel Steffan, Ms. Nadine Weber, Dr. Birgit Dietz,
Dr. Anne Schwarte, Dr. Kerstin Paulus, Ms. Meike Hidelbrandt, Dr. Eveline Reiniger, Ms. Antje
Bodensieck, Mr. Gernot Brauers, Mr. Gero Eck, Mr. Carsten Thoms, Mr. Sebastian Stöber, Mr. Arnulf
Diesel, Dr. Günter Lang, Mr. Klaus Lohmann, and others), for sharing a nice working atmosphere and
a common joy in spare time activities, have made my daily life in Düsseldorf so beautiful enriched with
vivid memories, that will never been forgotten. Their hard works with subsequent typisch deutscher
Arbeitsleistung (typical German working achievement) influenced me much to mimic this brilliant habit
in my next career.
vIndonesian friends (Mr. Yosi Bayu Murti, Mr. Yasman, Mr. Yudi Rusman, Mr. Hermansyah, Mr. Edi
Wahyu Sri Mulyono, Ms. Ine Dewi Indriani, and others) in the institute who made my stay in Düsseldorf
as if like at home without having to speak in foreign language.
Philippine colleagues (Dr. Raquel Jadulco and Ms. Carolyn Vargas) who were always helpful and
cheerful.
Arabic friends (Mr. Ziyad Baker, Mr. Mostafa Abdelgawwad, Mrs. Wafaa Hassan, Dr. Ehab Elkhayad,
Mr. Sabrin Ibrahim, Mr. Gamal Hussein, Ms. Amal Nour, Mr. Mohamed Ashour, Ms. Amal Hassan)
who gradually influenced me always trying to be a sort of person with better character and personality.
Other nationalities institute colleagues: Ms. Sofia Lindgren (Sweden), Mr. Suwigarn Pedpradap
(Thailand), Mr. Tu Duong (Vietnam), Dr. Haofu Dai (China), Ms. Clécia Freitas (Brazil), and Dr.
Olanrewaju Omobuwajo (Nigeria) who made my stay in Düsseldorf filled with diverse experiences.
PD. Dr. Claus Paßreiter and PD. Dr. Thomas Schmidt who gave me several opportunities as the
assistant in Pharmaceutical Biology II and III practical works.
Thankfulness is due also to Prof. Dr. Manfred Braun (Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare
Chemie) and Prof. Dr. Christopher Bridges (Institut für Zoophysiologie) for being my examiners in the
Rigorosum.
viTable of Contents
ERKLÄRUNG............................................................................................................ IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................... V
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ............................................................................................ XI
I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Primary and secondary metabolites............................................................................................ 1
1.1.1. The waste product hypothesis.................................................................................................. 1
1.1.2. The overflow or excess primary metabolism hypothesis.......................................................... 1
1.1.3. The increased fitness hypothesis ............................................................................................. 2
1.2. Products of secondary metabolism ............................................................................................ 2
1.3. Marine natural products ............................................................................................................... 3
1.4. Fungi............................................................................................................................................. 12
1.4.1. Fungal characteristics............................................................................................................. 12
1.4.2. Primary and secondary metabolites of fungi .......................................................................... 14
1.5. Marine fungi ................................................................................................................................. 15
1.6. Drug discovery ............................................................................................................................ 18
1.7. Aim and scope of the study ....................................................................................................... 20
1.7.1. Bioactivity screening of fungal extracts .................................................................................. 20
1.7.2. Chemical investigation of selected fungal strains................................................................... 20
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS ........................................................................... 22
2.1. Fungi collection and biological activity screening.................................................................. 22
2.2. Fungi cultivation......................................................................................................................... 24
2.2.1. Penicillium sp., Verticillium cf cinnabarium, and Fusarium sp................................................ 24
2.2.2. Lecanicillium evansii (strain 1 and strain 2)............................................................................ 24
2.3. General chemical substances and equipments ......................................................................