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Karinių poligonų dirvožemio pažeidimų ir taršos tyrimai bei elektrokinetinio metodo taikymo galimybės ; Research on soil disturbance and pollution with heavy metals in military grounds and potential of electrokinetic remediation application
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Karinių poligonų dirvožemio pažeidimų ir taršos tyrimai bei elektrokinetinio metodo taikymo galimybės ; Research on soil disturbance and pollution with heavy metals in military grounds and potential of electrokinetic remediation application

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VILNIUS GEDIMINAS TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY Kristina GREIČIŪTĖ RESEARCH ON SOIL DISTURBANCE AND POLLUTION WITH HEAVY METALS IN MILITARY GROUNDS AND POTENTIAL OF ELECTROKINETIC REMEDIATION APPLICATION Summary of Doctoral Dissertation Technological Sciences, Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management (04T) Vilnius 2006 Doctoral dissertation was prepared at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University in 2002–2006 Scientific Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Saulius VASAREVIČIUS (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Technological Sciences, Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management – 04T) Consultants: Prof Dr Habil Pranas BALTRĖNAS (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Technological Sciences, Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management – 04T) Assoc Prof Dr Valentinas KADŪNAS (Institute of Geology and Geography, Physical Sciences, Geology – 05P) The Dissertation is being defended at the Council of Scientific Field of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University: Chairman Prof Dr Habil Donatas BUTKUS (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Technological Sciences, Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management – 04T) Members: Dr Habil Petras VAITIEKŪNAS (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Technological Sciences, Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management – 04T) Prof Dr Habil Algimantas KAZRAGIS (Vilnius Gediminas Technical

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Publié le 01 janvier 2007
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VILNIUS GEDIMINAS TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY Kristina GREIITRESEARCH ON SOIL DISTURBANCE AND POLLUTION WITHHEAVYMETALSINMILITARYGROUNDSAND POTENTIAL OF ELECTROKINETIC REMEDIATION APPLICATIONSummary of Doctoral Dissertation Technological Sciences, Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management (04T)
Vilnius2006
Doctoral dissertation was prepared at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University in 2002–2006 Scientific Supervisor:  Assoc Prof Dr Saulius VASAREVIIUS(Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Technological Sciences, Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management – 04T) Consultants: Prof Dr Habil Pranas BALTRNAS(Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Technological Sciences, Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management – 04T) Assoc Prof Dr Valentinas KADNAS(Institute of Geology and Geography, Physical Sciences, Geology – 05P) The Dissertation is being defended at the Council of Scientific Field of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University: Chairman Prof Dr Habil Donatas BUTKUS(Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Technological Sciences, Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management – 04T) Members: Dr Habil Petras VAITIEKNAS(Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Technological Sciences, Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management – 04T) Prof Dr Habil Algimantas KAZRAGIS (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Technological Sciences, Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management – 04T) Prof Dr Habil Algirdas GAIGALAS University, Physical Sciences, Geology – (Vilnius 05P) Prof Dr Habil Rimvydas TUMAS(Lithuanian University of Agriculture, Technological Sciences, Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management – 04T) Opponents: Dr Habil Valentinas BALTRNAS(Institute of Geology and Geography, Physical Sciences, Geology – 05P) Assoc Prof Dr Juozas Justinas BLYNAS(Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Technological Sciences, Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management – 04T) The dissertation will be defended at the public meeting of the Council of Scientific Field of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management in the Senate Hall of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University at 1 p. m. on 13 October 2006. Adress: Saultekio al. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius-40, Lithuania. Tel.: +370 5 274 4952, +370 5 274 4956; fax +370 5 270 0112; e-mail doktor@adm.vtu.lt The summary of the doctoral dissertation was distributed on 13 September 2006. A copy of the doctoral dissertation is available for review at the Library of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (Saultekio al. 14, LT-10223 Vilnius-40, Lithuania) Kristina Greiit, 2006
VILNIAUS GEDIMINO TECHNIKOS UNIVERSITETAS Kristina GREIITKARINIPOLIGONDIRVOŽEMIO PAŽEIDIMIR TARŠOS TYRIMAI BEI ELEKTROKINETINIO METODO TAIKYMO GALIMYBS Daktaro disertacijos santrauka Technologijos mokslai, aplinkos inžinerija ir kraštotvarka (04T)
Vilnius
2006
Disertacija rengta 2002–2006 metais Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitete. Mokslinis vadovas: doc. dr. Saulius VASAREVIIUS(Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas, technologijos mokslai, aplinkos inžinerija ir kraštotvarka – 04T). Konsultantai: prof. habil. dr. Pranas BALTRNAS(Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas, technologijos mokslai, aplinkos inžinerija ir kraštotvarka – 04T), doc. dr. Valentinas KADNAS (Geologijos ir geografijos institutas, fiziniai mokslai, geologija – 05P). Disertacija ginama Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universiteto Aplinkos inžinerijos ir kraštotvarkos mokslo krypties taryboje: Pirmininkas prof. habil. dr. Donatas BUTKUS(Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas, technologijos mokslai, aplinkos inžinerija ir kraštotvarka – 04T).Nariai: habil. dr. Petras VAITIEKNAS(Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas, technologijos mokslai, aplinkos inžinerija ir kraštotvarka – 04T), prof. habil. dr. Algimantas KAZRAGIS Gedimino technikos universitetas, (Vilniaus technologijos mokslai, aplinkos inžinerija ir kraštotvarka – 04T), prof. habil. dr. Algirdas GAIGALAS universitetas, fiziniai mokslai, (Vilniaus geologija – 05P), prof. habil. dr. Rimvydas TUMAS(Lietuvos žemskio universitetas, technologijos mokslai, aplinkos inžinerija ir kraštotvarka – 04T). Oponentai: habil. dr. Valentinas BALTRNAS(Geologijos ir geografijos institutas, fiziniai mokslai, geologija – 05P), doc. dr. Juozas Justinas BLYNAS(Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas, technologijos mokslai, aplinkos inžinerija ir kraštotvarka – 04T). Disertacija bus ginama viešame Aplinkos inžinerijos ir kraštotvarkos mokslo krypties tarybos posdyje 2006 m. spalio 13 d. 13 val. Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universiteto senato posdžisalje. Adresas: Saultekio al. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius-40, Lietuva. Tel.: +370 5 274 4952, +370 5 274 4956; faksas +370 5 270 0112, el. paštas doktor@adm.vtu.lt Disertacijos santrauka išsiuntinta 2006 m. rugsjo 13 d. Disertacijgalima peržirti Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universiteto bibliotekoje (Saultekio al. 14, LT-10223 Vilnius-40, Lietuva). VGTU leidyklos „Technika“ 1308 mokslo literatros knyga Kristina Greiit, 2006
General characteristic of dissertation Topicality of the problem grounds are territories with specific purpose. Military Various kinds of military installations, ammunitions and explosives are used in such areas. Because of these reasons, soil in military grounds is very often polluted with heavy metals and oil products; because of continuous damages, made to the top soil, vegetation is very scarce, in some spots missing – sandy wastelands are formed. Explosions, performed in military grounds, can be characterized by both thermal and chemical effect (soil pollution with such compounds, like lead, zinc, copper etc). Not only soils in military grounds and surrounding areas can be polluted because of military activities, but surface water bodies and groundwater as well. Aiming on determination and estimation of the level of pollution and disturbance of superficial layer of soil in military grounds, it is essential to do comprehensive research on physical (explosions and other mechanical effects) and chemical (pollution with heavy metals) effects on soil, caused by military activities, and to evaluate potential danger of pollutants spread and groundwater pollution. It is important to foreseen changes of soil damage and pollution depending on impact strength, type and intensity of military action, performed in specific area, and to evaluate pollution dispersion in deeper layers of soil, relying on investigation results and long-term prognosis. It is necessary to apply and elaborate effective methods for cleaning of polluted soils from military grounds, to suggest means for damaged superficial layer restoration, and so to minimize the danger caused by soil damage and pollution. None single method can successfully clean different types of soil from different metals. And what is more, there are a lot of additional restrictions, related with efficiency, application possibilities and cost. It is important to choose relevant soil cleaning method for polluted soils of military grounds. Recent years the interest was growing in new technology of soil cleaning from heavy metals and radio-nucleons – electrokinetic soil cleaning method (electrokinetic remediation). The point of method is that metal ions become mobile in the electric field, and move towards electrode with opposite charge. If successfully remove the metals, concentrated near the electrodes (for example using natural zeolite), good cleaning efficiency may be reached. Furthermore, method can be used as in situasex situ.Aims of the work:To estimate the negative impact made by military activities to superficial layer of soil reffering to two main parameters: decrease of soil organic mater because of explosions, and soil pollution with heavy metals. To estimate the potential of electrokinetic remediation application to clean soil polluted with Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Pb. To simulate lead dispersion in shooting ranges usingChemFlux programming package. Scientific novelty.The newness of work is showed by:
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Estimation of complex impact made by military activities to decrease the soil organic mater content in superficial layer of soil; the territories were grouped depending on the level of damage. Estimation of pollution with heavy metals in military grounds. Concentrations of heavy metals in soil were correlated with intensity and type of use of particular territory. heavy metals in soil up to 1 meter depth in differentEstimation of pollution with military grounds with different military activities. Modeling of pollutant dispersion in one of shooting ranges; modeling results compared with results of research. Estimated tendencies of pollution dispersion in 2 cases: when the territory is continually polluted and when pollution stops. Estimation of potential of electrokinetic remediation application to clean the soil polluted with heavy metals. Practical value of work. The methodology was prepared to evaluate the decrease of soil organic matter because of military activities; recommendations were suggested for restoration of damaged soil in military grounds. Soil pollution with heavy metals was estimated in Lithuanian military grounds; distribution of concentrations was related with specific activities performed in particular territories. Simulation results revealed trends of pollution spread, as well as time needed for soil cleanup; is important when planning future activities and their intensity in shooting ranges. The device was created to remove heavy metals from soil, using electrokinetic remediation. Based on the experiment results, it was stated, for what type of soil and for what pollutants this method is most suitable. Patent indent “Soil cleaning device” was prepared. Biggest part of scientific research presented in the dissertation was implemented in the frames of the COST program activity No 859 “Phytotechnologies to promote sustainable land use and improve food safety” and the project “Contaminants in the system “soil–plants”: contaminants transport, accumulation and soil remediation” funded by Lithuanian State Science and Studies Foundation.Review and analysis of technologies for soil cleaning from heavy metals was prepared during the traineeship in Politechnical University of Marche (Ancona, Italy), by Socrates/Erasmus program.Defended propositions: Quantity of soil organic mater in territories, used for military activities, is several or ordinal times less than in undisturbed territories. The level of soil pollution with heavy metals depends on type of particular territory and intensity of its use: soil in territories, used for shooting practice, mostly polluted with lead and copper (main compounds of ammunition), while territories, used for military transport needs mainly polluted with metals characteristic for fuel composition (chromium, lead, manganese etc.)
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