Magmatic evolution and platinum potential of SW Yunnan, China [Elektronische Ressource] / Daniel Hennig
249 pages
English

Magmatic evolution and platinum potential of SW Yunnan, China [Elektronische Ressource] / Daniel Hennig

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English
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Magmatic evolution and platinum potential of SW Yunnan, China Doctoral Thesis (Dissertation) to be awarded the degree of Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) submitted by Daniel Hennig from Dortmund, Germany approved by the Faculty of Energy and Management, Clausthal University of Technology, Date of oral examination 7th of May, 2010 II Chairperson of the Board of Examiners: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Norbert Meyer Chief Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Bernd Lehmann Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Kurt Mengel D 104 This dissertation was undertaken at the Mineral Resources Department of the Institute of Disposal Research of the Technical University of Clausthal. III This thesis is dedicated to Mika and my family. Thank you for being there. IV V Abstract Southwestern Yunnan is a key region for the understanding of the complex geological evolution of the Paleo-Tethys at the end of the Paleozoic and the formation of the 260 Ma-old Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP), which hosts several important magmatic ore deposits. The same region is also intensively affected by Himalayan escape tectonics, with large-scale strike-slip movements. The most prominent Cenozoic fault zone in SW China is the NW–SE trending Red River-Ailaoshan Shearzone (RRASSZ) with left-lateral displacement of at least 300 km.

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Publié par
Publié le 01 janvier 2010
Nombre de lectures 29
Langue English
Poids de l'ouvrage 91 Mo

Extrait



Magmatic evolution and platinum potential
of SW Yunnan, China



Doctoral Thesis
(Dissertation)


to be awarded the degree of
Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.)



submitted by

Daniel Hennig
from Dortmund, Germany

approved by the Faculty of Energy and Management,
Clausthal University of Technology,


Date of oral examination
7th of May, 2010

II








Chairperson of the Board of Examiners: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Norbert Meyer
Chief Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Bernd Lehmann
Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Kurt Mengel







D 104


This dissertation was undertaken at the Mineral Resources Department of the Institute of
Disposal Research of the Technical University of Clausthal.
III









This thesis is dedicated to Mika and my family.
Thank you for being there.
IV
V
Abstract
Southwestern Yunnan is a key region for the understanding of the complex geological
evolution of the Paleo-Tethys at the end of the Paleozoic and the formation of the 260 Ma-old
Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP), which hosts several important magmatic ore
deposits. The same region is also intensively affected by Himalayan escape tectonics, with
large-scale strike-slip movements. The most prominent Cenozoic fault zone in SW China is
the NW–SE trending Red River-Ailaoshan Shearzone (RRASSZ) with left-lateral
displacement of at least 300 km. The RRASSZ is generally believed to represent the southern
boundary of the ELIP.
This thesis investigates the possible continuation of the ELIP south of the RRASSZ,
and tries to assess the platinum potential of mafic to ultramafic rock complexes along the
Lancang River (further south known as Mekong). From north to south the target areas
comprise the Banpo complex about 80 km NW of Simao, the Nanlianshan and Huijingfang
complexes at Jinghong, and the Paleng complex close to the border with Laos.
Lithogeochemical and geochronological data on these volcano-plutonic complexes were
compared with PGE-bearing mafic to ultramafic intrusions associated with the ELIP and
elsewhere.
The MORB-like basaltic andesite to microgabbro of the Nanlianshan complex has a
U–Pb zircon age of 292 ±1 Ma and indicates Early Permian sea-floor spreading. The
calcalkaline, mafic to ultramafic Banpo intrusion hosts arc-related harzburgites and gabbros with
a U–Pb zircon age of 286 ±2 Ma. The mafic to ultramafic Paleng complex at the border to
Laos is similar in composition to the Banpo complex and hosts amphibole gabbro cumulates
with island-arc signature. U–Pb zircon ages for this complex are 262 ±3 to 258 ±2 Ma, and
Ar–Ar ages on hornblende range from 259 ±2 to 251 ±4 Ma. The amphibole gabbro is
associated with arc-type basaltic andesite and within-plate basalt of 262 ±2 Ma (U–Pb on
zircon) which resembles in major and trace element characteristics the lavas of the ELIP. It
appears likely that the Permian arc magmatism and the formation of the ELIP are part of the
same tectonomagmatic cycle.
Chalcophile trace elements and platinum-group elements of the Banpo and Paleng
complexes depict drastic depletion, which is in the range of the sulfide-saturated
Nadezhdinsky Formation of the Siberian Trap (host to the Noril`sk Ni–PGE deposit), of the
sulfide-depleted northern Deccan Trap, and of the ELIP. The 286 ±2 Ma-old Banpo gabbro
shares geologic and geochemical similarities with the host rocks of a number of ELIP-
VI
associated ore deposits, such as Yangliuping and Jinbaoshan (PGE), and Hongge and
Baimazhai (Fe–Ti–V oxide) in SW China, as well with Ban Phuc (Ni–PGE) in Vietnam. The
Paleng cumulate sequence shows similarities to the Panzhihua and Baimazhai Fe–Ti–V
deposits. Both the Banpo and Paleng mafic-ultramafic intrusive complexes have high
platinum potential which needs testing by detailed exploration.

Keywords: Platinum potential, China, Emeishan Large Igneous Province, Paleo-Tethys
Zusammenfassung
Die Grenzregion China-Burma-Laos-Vietnam hat eine komplexe geologische Geschichte, die
von permo-triassischen Kollisionen einzelner Krustenfragmente mit dem Yangtze-Block und
damit einhergehender Subduktion devonischen bis triassischen Ozeanbodens der Paläotethys
bestimmt ist. Zudem wurde diese Collage durch weiträumige, känozoische
Blattverschiebungen in Verbindung mit der Indien-Eurasien-Kollision überprägt. Die
bedeutendste Blattverschiebung in Südwest-China ist die NNW-SSO streichende Red
RiverAilaoshan Scherzone (RRASSZ) mit einem sinistralen Versatzbetrag von ca. 400 km. Ihr
2
schließen sich im Norden und Nordosten auf einer Fläche von ca. 250.000 km die Flutbasalte
der Emeishan LIP (Large Igneous Province; ca. 260 Ma) an. Sie enthalten wirtschaftlich
wichtige magmatische Sulfid- (Ni, Cu, PGE) und Oxid-Lagerstätten (Ti, V, Fe). Die
vorliegende Arbeit zielt auf die mögliche Fortsetzung der Emeishan LIP südlich der RRASSZ
entlang des Lancang-Flusses.
Von Nord nach Süd umfassen die Zielbereiche den Banpo-Komplex, ca. 80 km
nordwestlich von Simao, die Nanlianshan- und Huijingfang-Komplexe bei Jinghong und den
Paleng-Komplex nahe der laotischen Grenze. Die gewonnenen lithogeochemischen und
geochronologischen Daten werden mit Platinmetall-führenden Gesteinskomplexen der ELIP
verglichen.
Die E-MORB ähnlichen basaltischen Andesite und Mikrogabbros des
NanlianshanKomplexes mit U–Pb Zirkonaltern von 292 ±1 Ma deuten auf frühpermische Neubildung
ozeanischer Kruste. Der kalkalkaline Banpo-Komplex - Teil eines ehemaligen aktiven
Kontinentalrandes - besteht aus Harzburgiten und Gabbros mit U–Pb Zirkonaltern von
286 ±2 Ma. Der Paleng-Komplex wird überwiegend von Hornblende-Gabbro-Kumulaten
aufgebaut. Er ähnelt in seiner geochemischen Zusammensetzung dem Banpo-Komplex. Die
VII
U–Pb Zirkonalter dieses Komplexes sind 262 ±3 Ma and 258 ±2 Ma; Ar–Ar Alter variieren
von 259 ±2 bis 251 ±4 Ma. Kleine Vorkommen von porphyrischen Basalten im Paleng
Komplex (262 ±2 Ma) zeigen typische Flutbasalt-Signatur, sehr ähnlich zu den Laven der
ELIP. Es erscheint denkbar, dass der permische Bogen-Magmatismus und die Bildung der
ELIP in einem geotektonischen Kontext stehen.
Spurenelement- und Platingruppenelement-Analysen an Gabbros der Banpo- und
Paleng-Komplexe zeigen eine deutliche Abreicherung der Platingruppenelemente und der
chalkophilen Spurenelemente, womit die Entmischung einer Sulfidschmelze angezeigt ist. Die
Elementkonzentrationen sind in Bereichen wie sie typisch für die Sulfid-gesättigte
Nadezhdinsky-Formation der Sibirischen Flutbasalte (Wirtsgestein der Noril`sk Ni–PGE
Lagerstätten), für die Sulfid-verarmten nördlichen Deccan Trappbasalte und der ELIP sind.
Der Banpo-Gabbro ähnelt in seinem geologischen Aufbau sowie in seinen geochemischen
Signaturen Wirtsgesteinen der ELIP-gebundenen Lagerstätten Yangliuping, Jinbaoshan (PGE
Lagerstätten) und Hongge und Baimazhai (Fe–Ti–V Oxid Lagerstätten) in SW China, sowie
Ban Phuc (Ni–PGE) in Vietnam.
Die Paleng-Kumulatsequenz hat petrographische und geochemische Gemeinsamkeiten
mit den Fe–Ti–V-Lagerstätten Panzhihua und Baimazhai. Die Banpo- und Paleng-Komplexe
haben ein hohes Platinmetall-Potenzial, dem durch weitere Detailexploration nachgegangen
werden sollte.
VIII
Acknowledgements
I am grateful to my supervisor Professor Bernd Lehmann for confidence and help during the
preparation of this PhD thesis, which presents the results of the Hochschulvergabeprojekt
"Platinmetall-Potential Yünnan" funded by Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und
Rohstoffe, Hannover (contract no. 204-4500029770 of 10 August 2006).

For second reviewing, valuable petrologic criticism and support I sincerely thank Professor
Kurt Mengel. Dr. Kai Schmidt is thanked for the ICP-MS analysis.

Field work was realized by help of the Yunnan Geological Survey and the Geology
Department of the University of Hong Kong. Field sessions in July/August 2007 and March
2008 involved Alexandre Cabral, Bernd Lehmann, Wenchang Li, Pusheng Zeng, Fuliang
Zhang, Xinfu Zhao and Meifu Zhou. Thin and polished sections were prepared by Ulf
Hemmerling, Clausthal. IT support was given by Fred Türck. Electron microprobe work was
guided by Klaus Herrmann. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry on all rock powders was done at
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe. Nd and Sr isotopes were analyzed by
Boris Belyatsky at the Institute for Precambrian Geology and Geochronology in St
Petersburg, Russia. U–Pb zircon dating by LA-ICP-MS was done by Dirk Frei at the
Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark. Ar–Ar and K–Ar
dating was done by Ray Burgess at the University of Manchester, UK. I am grateful to Dr.
Thomas Oberthür for help in the organization of the project as well as for analytical support.

This thesis would maybe not exist without

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