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Description
Informations
Publié par | westfalische_wilhelms-universitat_munster |
Publié le | 01 janvier 2004 |
Nombre de lectures | 13 |
Langue | English |
Poids de l'ouvrage | 11 Mo |
Extrait
Robert Weiß
Modeling of generation, propagation and runup of
tsunami waves caused by oceanic impacts
2004
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2004Geologieestf?liscMoMathematiscdelingonofGeogeneration,FpropagationM?nsterandei?runereicuphaftenofhaftlictsunamiderwWilhelmsUnivaorgelegtvertesNordhausencausedbbhywissenscoderceanichNaturwissenscimpactshenInauguralDissertationakult?tzurWErlangunghendesersit?tDoktorgradesvdervNaturwissenscRobhaftenWimausFach?ndlicDr.agDekTan:JanProf.JanDr.E.HansderKerpPr?fung:Erster2005GutacPromotion:h2005ter:Costas.Prof.SynolakisDr.agHeinricmhhenBahlburg26.ZwuareiterTGutacderh26.tuarerProf.tConaten.ts.Abstract.vinZusammenfassungaectingvii.1theBac.kground,.AimsDepthand.Methoad.s4.21e2.Impacts.and.ImpactaCratering.9e2.1onCrater.Morphology....linear.......Discret.the.4.3...4.4.........alidation.Mo...5.and.V.estigate.of.......Bath9a2.25.3ImpactolutionCratering69.............and.z.on.a.Problem.Conditions.Domai.....u.................4.5.the.e11.2.3.Mo.deling.Impactserimen.deling.a.55.W.In.I.Charac-.Rim.e...........56.V.sunami.e...of.e.v."real"Bath.d......17.3.T.sunamis.21.3.1.Ph.ysics.of41WTimeaterSpaceWiaaviesTforsunamisW.v.Propagation.44.Boundary.and.Computational.n.......47.Run.p..........23.3.2.Sources.of.T.sunamis............49.V.of.W.v.Propagation.del.............51.Exp.ts.Mo.Impacts.W.v27Propagation3.35.1OnaryingMoaterdelingtoTvsunamitheWnuenceathevteristicsesthe.W.v.........................5.2.ymetric.ariations.T.W.v38Propagation4.Numerical65andComparisonComputaWtionalvMethoEvdso41er4.1andFiniteymetriesDierenceMetho.ii93CONTENTSa6tOutlineort,ofSummarySomeChicxulubGeolog.i6.3calaImprainlications83fromafterMEvo.deling.Impacts.andTWtationasunamivee79PropagationOutlo73856.1FillingAthedditionalImpactMoendication.of.the.Crater.Ca.vit77yErosion,.ransp.Sedimen.along.T.W.v.T...7.and.ok.References74Danksagung6.2Crater.List.of.Figurestsunami1.135Hollo(a)wwofetheardDeepdi.Sewa....ortan.....es...4.1...3.3.deep,.....Dieren...Simple...a...slide...Mo.33..1an1.23.111964tAlask.an42T.sunami:.lefteWhittierteballoy;.righ.t.Sew.a.rdofBa.y....an...Denitions2an1.3dueCraters.on.the.Mo.on......slides.(2002).tsunami.ceanic...oscillations.dee...e.the...and...............a.yp.(b).t4(c)1.4wDistributionvof.i.mpact.craters.on.Earth......25.shap.a.v.........26.del.e....5292.1im(a)parametersSimpleeandelevcanom.plex.crater,.(b).Moltk.e3.7Crateroon.Mo.on.,.(c).geological.cross31sectionforoftotheDaMeteor.CraterGeneration.a.y.......F.b.in.w.....a10at2.2esSnapshotspof.the.conativtactapproand.compression.stage....................12.2.323GeometryWofvthetexces:adeep,vinationrmediaoew.and.sha.w.ater.a.es..........................14.2.4.Generation.of.simple3.4craters.t.e.tsun.mi.a.es...................3.5.mo.for.earthquak.as.sources..16.2.5.Geometries.used3.6inofSALEp.t.of.earthquak.and.surface.ation.to.earthquak.....................30.Simple.m.del17.2.6.A.time.step.in.SALE..............3.8.del.complex.according.W.and.y.....3.9.of.w.v.b.o.impacts......19.3.1.Distribution3.10ofreeTcausedsunamiyEvimpactentotsp.ater.......37.W.v.gauges.certain.stanc.from.impact.oin.......37.Deriv.es22their3.2ximationsDenition.of.w.a.v.e.parameter.....orgiv.LIST.OF.FIGURESthe4.2.Dierenelevt.nK/Tumerical.appro.ximationsthe...70.6.1.the.....80.of...on...e...69.cation....44.4.3surgeT.ransition.bChicxulubet.w.eenwthe.SALE5.7h.ydro.co.de5.8andanglethe.w5.9atv.eapropagationbath48.4.4wStructurefunctionof.thealongc.o.mputational.domain.rg...74.bac...75.....vitational.core.......6.5.y49train4.5.Shoreline.computations.inaryingMOSTe.............series.v.slop.......plot.for.of.....5.1050bath4.6t:Vyerication.b.etMaximwveenasMOSTtheand.NDWP..Run.coast..............Hjulstr?mSundb.........Illustrating51w4.7in1/rrrelationship.of.theExtendedw.a.v.e.propagation6.4&ofvandericationofof.MOST...52.5.1.Measuremen.t.ofrangeweloathevve.c.haracteristics........64.V.angle.slop..................57.5.2.Time.series66ofTimesthebasedgaugeaparyingoinoftserecording.the.w.a.v.e67elevLoglogatioofndata.dieren.angles.slop58.5.3.W.a.v68eLeft:amplituderealaymetrysRighalinearfunctionymetrof.the.w.ater.depth..5.11.um.a.e.ation.a.of.lo..59.5.4.W.a5.12vupethep.erio.d....................71.Simplied.o.diagram...............6.2.the.of.ater.k.to.crate......61.5.5.Theoretical6.3cHjulstr?mSundbharacteristicsdiagramof.the.rim.w.a.v.e...76.Gra.anomaly.the.crater.a.picture.the.transition........63.5.6.The.collapse.w.a.v.e.problem78.Dynamic.of.v.cit.along.tsunami.a.e......caseAbstractvThevmoeendelingd:ofageneration,bpropagationisandTherunSALEupvofcoimpactgeneratedistsunamighwgarealvtsunamiesthegivandeiinsighatsvinhelptothethethegenerationvmecshoalinghanismstoofathoseewthearunvtheesgeologicalbimpactsycouldodeep,ceater.acnictheim-vpactsofandoftheirfailseverioolutionaduringoftheapropagationbandandruninup.thisTheortanSAvLEultipliedhcomparisonydro-tcoothderesultsiasbusedIntothecomputecomplextheone.impactpaccratering.eAenewodevtermselopaterede2Dinpropagationtemowdelconsideringforde,tsunamiriwsawvisesated.isanalyappliedwtoheighsimwulatesucceeds,thetheweaWithvtheeepropagationtheofangleimpactegeneratedistsunami.TheThiswmoangledelangleis1basedwonpropagation;dispmighersivimeduringandwnondispheersiviseyequa-times.tions.etTlinearoymetrycomone,binetainithegeometricalStheAtheLEecoeak,destrongtountheofwymetryaofviseipropagationthemoaddition,del,delingaandtransitioanqualitativiscanestablishedwn:asoftheceanicmeaninstep.ofThwedepthimpactbisdenetransferredimpacttototheinwrmediateashallovweOnlypropagationthemocodelthealongharacteastcirclecbofecauserimSALEaonleyinsimestig-ulatesWhilevlinearerticalsisimpacts.theWithatheehelptothisfamoedelitstrategyfor,wtvwpod.dietherenoftwclassesvofpropagationtsunamide,winuenceathevofeslopcausedofbplatformyinoestigated.ceanicdierenceimpactsetcouldeenbobtusee(1:10)idenacutetied:(1:90)theappr.rimmwtheaaveebutanddierencethetcollapseecomewpatvthee.whileTheageneeratiointmecmhanismsbareupprofoundly6dierenThet.bWhilewthearimbawhaandvrealebiscongeneratednbsimilaryfeatures,thethatcol-inuenclapsingoncraterwrimvofpropagationwwater,buttheecomescollapseduringwraup.vcaseetheisbaththe,resultcourseofthetheupcollapsingmorecthanenntralofplineareak.InAfrompmoplimyingtthethesewwvapropagation,veeimplicationsclasses,bthreedradi(a)surgeerent