Protective bacteria and attractive pheromones [Elektronische Ressource] : symbiosis and chemical communication in beewolves (Philanthus spp., Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) / vorgelegt von Martin Kaltenpoth

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• Biologie

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• Publié par: julius-maximilians-universitat_wurzburg
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2006
• Nombre de lectures: 21
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 18 Mo

Extrait

Protective bacteria
and attractive pheromones
Symbiosis and chemical communication
in beewolves(Philanthus spp.,
Hymenoptera, Crabronidae)
Dissertation zur Erlangung
des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades
der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-UniversitätWürzburg
vorgelegt von
Martin Kaltenpoth
aus Hagen
Würzburg 2006Eingereichtam:………………………………………………………………….…….………..…
MitgliederderPromotionskommission:
Vorsitzender:Prof.Dr.MartinJ.Müller
Gutachter:Prof.Dr.ErhardStrohm
Gutachter:Prof.Dr.RoyGross
TagdesPromotionskolloquiums:………………………………………………….………….…..
Doktorurkundeaugehändigtam:…………………………………………….……………………2“Wearesymbiontsonasymbioticplanet,andifwecareto,wecanfindsymbiosis
everywhere.”
Lynn Margulis, “SymbioticPlanet” (1998)
“Thereisatheorywhichstatesthatifeveranyonediscoversexactlywhattheuniverseisforand
whyitishere,itwillinstantlydisappearandbereplacedbysomethingeven morebizarreand
inexplicable.Thereisanothertheorywhichstatesthatthishasalreadyhappened.”
Douglas Adams, “The Restaurant atthe End of the Universe” (1980)
34CONTENTS
LISTOFPUBLICATIONS.....................................................................................................7
CHAPTER1:GENERALINTRODUCTION...........................................................................9
1.1Symbiosis.........................................................................................................................9
1.1.1Insect-bacteriasymbiosis......................................................................................10
1.1.2Nutritionalinteractions.........................................................................................11
1.1.3Defensivesymbioses.............................................................................................13
1.2Chemicalcommunicationandmatechoice....................................................................15
1.2.1Sexualselectionandmatechoice..........................................................................15
1.2.2Pheromonesandmatechoice................................................................................16
1.3Biologyof Philanthus triangulum(Hymenoptera,Crabronidae)...................................17
1.3.1SystematicpositionanddistributionofthegenusPhilanthus..............................17
1.3.2BehavioroffemaleEuropeanbeewolves..............................................................18
1.3.3BehaviorofmaleEuropeanbeewolves.................................................................20
1.4Outlineofthethesis........................................................................................................22
1.4.1SymbioticmicroorganismsinPhilanthus triangulum..........................................22
1.4.2Themalemarkingpheromoneasapotentialcueforfemalechoice.....................23
1.5References......................................................................................................................24
CHAPTER2:SYMBIOTICBACTERIAPROTECTWASPLARVAEFROMFUNGAL
INFESTATION................................................................................................................35
2.1Summary.........................................................................................................................35
2.2ResultsandDiscussion...................................................................................................36
2.3Methods..........................................................................................................................42
2.3.1PCRandsequencing.............................................................................................42
2.3.2Phylogeneticanalysis............................................................................................42
2.3.3FISH......................................................................................................................42
2.3.4Fungalinfestationbioassayswithbeewolfcocoons.............................................43
2.3.5Survivaloflarvaewithandwithoutwhitesubstance............................................43
2.4References......................................................................................................................44
CHAPTER3:BAKTERIENSCHÜTZENWESPEN-NACHWUCHSVORPILZBEFALL..........47
3.1Zusammenfassung..........................................................................................................47
3.2Einleitung.......................................................................................................................47
3.3ErgebnisseundDiskussion.............................................................................................48
3.4Literaturverzeichnis........................................................................................................51CHAPTER4:MORPHOLOGYANDULTRASTRUCTUREOFABACTERIACULTIVATION
ORGAN:THEANTENNALGLANDSOFFEMALEEUROPEANBEEWOLVES,
PHILANTHUSTRIANGULUM(HYMENOPTERA,CRABRONIDAE)...................................53
4.1Summary.........................................................................................................................53
4.2Introduction.....................................................................................................................54
4.3MaterialsandMethods....................................................................................................55
4.3.1Specimens..............................................................................................................55
4.3.2Semithinsectionsand3D-reconstruction..............................................................55
4.3.3Electronmicroscopy..............................................................................................56
4.4Results.............................................................................................................................56
4.4.1Overallmorphology..............................................................................................56
4.4.2Ultrastructure.........................................................................................................61
4.4.3Reservoircontents.................................................................................................63
4.5Discussion.......................................................................................................................64
4.6References.......................................................................................................................66
CHAPTER5:‘CANDIDATUSSTREPTOMYCESPHILANTHI’,ANENDOSYMBIOTIC
STREPTOMYCETEINTHEANTENNAEOFPHILANTHUSDIGGERWASPS.......................69
5.1Summary.........................................................................................................................69
5.2Introduction.....................................................................................................................70
5.3Methods..........................................................................................................................71
5.3.1Specimens..............................................................................................................71
5.3.2Electronmicroscopy..............................................................................................71
5.3.3DNAextraction,PCRandsequencing..................................................................72
5.3.4Fluorescenceinsituhybridization(FISH)............................................................73
5.3.5Phylogeneticanalysis............................................................................................73
5.4Results.............................................................................................................................73
5.4.1Localizationofendosymbionts.............................................................................73
5.4.2Distributionofsymbiontsamongphilanthinewasps............................................76
5.4.3Phylogeneticpositionof‘CandidatusStreptomycesphilanthi’............................78
5.5Discussion.......................................................................................................................78
5.5.1Descriptionof‘CandidatusStreptomycesphilanthi’............................................80
5.6Appendix.........................................................................................................................81
5.6.1Attemptstocultivate‘CandidatusStreptomycesphilanthi’..................................81
5.6.2MediaFormulations..............................................................................................83
5.7References.......................................................................................................................84
2CHAPTER6:CHEMICALCOMPOSITIONOFTHEANTENNALGLANDSECRETIONOF
FEMALEEUROPEANBEEWOLVES,PHILANTHUSTRIANGULUM(HYMENOPTERA,
CRABRONIDAE)............................................................................................................87
6.1Summary.........................................................................................................................87
6.2Introduction....................................................................................................................88
6.3Methodsandmaterials....................................................................................................89
6.3.1Animals.................................................................................