Réponse mécanique des matériaux amorphes vitreux : théorie et simulation, Mechanical response of glassy materials : theory and simulation

Michel Tsamados

Description

Sous la direction de Jean-Louis Barrat, Anne Tanguy
Thèse soutenue le 14 décembre 2009: Lyon 1
Il est bien établi que les propriétés mécaniques et rhéologiques d'une large classe de matériaux vitreux amorphes met en jeu – contrairement aux dislocations dans les cristaux – des rearrangements structuraux localisés formant par un processus de cascade des bandes de cisaillements. Cette localisation de la déformation est observée dans divers systèmes vitreux ainsi que dans des simulations numériques. Cette réponse mécanique complexe reste mal comprise à une échelle microscopique et il n'est pas clair si l'écoulement plastique peut être associé à une origine structurale locale ou à des processus purement dynamiques.Dans cette thèse nous envisageons ces problématiques à l'aide de simulations atomiques athermales sur un système Lennard-Jones modèle. Nous calculons le tenseur élastique moyenné localement sur une échelle nanométrique. A cette échelle, le verre est assimilable à un matériau composite comprenant un échafaudage rigide et des zones fragiles. L'étude détaillée de la déformation plastique à différents taux de cisaillement met en évidence divers régimes d'écoulement. En dessous d'un taux de cisaillement critique dépendant de la taille du système, la réponse mécanique atteind une limite quasistatique (effets de taille fini, cascades d'événements plastiques, contrainte seuil) alors que pour des taux de cisaillement plus importants les propriétés rhéologiques sont fixées par le taux de cisaillement imposé. Dans ce régime nous mettons en évidence la croissance d'une longueur de coopérativité dynamique et discutons de sa dépendance avec le taux de cisaillements.
-Rheology
-Mechanism shear bands
-Glassy systems
-Elastic moduli
-Mechanical response
-Dynamic heterogeneities
It is commonly acknowledged that the mechanical properties and the rheology of a wide class of amorphous glassy materials involves – in contrast to dislocations in crystals – localized structural rearrangements that can form through a cascade mechanism shear bands. The phenomenon of strain localization has been observed experimentally in alloys, metallic and covalent glasses, polymers, complex fluids, granular media, foams, as well as in numerous simulations. This complex mechanical response remains poorly understood at a microscopical level and the origin of the plastic flow in driven glasses cannot be unambiguously attributed to either a local origin or to purely dynamic processes independently of any structural origin. In this thesis we approach these problems by the use of athermal atomistic simulations on a model Lennard-Jones glass. We compute the locally averaged elasticity tensor of the glass at a nanometric level. At this scale, the glass appears as a composite material composed of a rigid scaffolding and of soft zones. Moreover we use this local elastic order parameter to relate structure and dynamics in the sheared glass. The detailed analysis of the plastic deformation at different shear-rates shows that the glass follows different flow regimes. Below a system size dependent critical shear-rate the mechanical response reaches a quasistatic limit (finite size effects, cascades of plastic rearrangements, yield stress) while at higher shear rates the rheological properties are determined by the externally applied shear-rate. In the later regime we report on the growth of a cooperativity length scale and discuss the scaling of this length with shear-rate.
-Systèmes vitreux
-Réponse mécanique
-Rhéologie
-Bandes de cisaillement
-Modules élastiques
-Hétérogénéités dynamiques
Source: http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10312/document

Sujets

• Rhéologie

Informations

• Publié par: Thesee
• Nombre de lectures: 28
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 34 Mo

Extrait

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